| Study (Year) |
Design |
Intervention type |
Sample size |
Duration of intervention |
Summary of findings |
| In- person approach |
| Sallis et al. (1999) |
Non Experimental |
Lectures +Activity |
338 |
16 weeks |
For women- significant effects for social support from friends (P<0.006), experiential and behavioral process of change (P<0.0001), self-efficacy for making time (P<0.001) and For man- no significant change in any variable except behavioral processes of change(P<0.001)for resisting relapse (P<0.002). |
| Finckenor and Byrd-Bredbenner (2000) |
Non Experimental |
Lectures |
110 |
14 weeks |
No significant reduction in mean fat intake and progression in mean stage of change |
| Anetor et al. (2012) |
RCT |
FGDs |
398 |
8 weeks |
Positive significant change in eating habits (P<0.05) |
| Ha and Caine-Bish (2009) |
Non Experimental |
Lectures |
80 |
15 weeks |
Significant increase in fruits and vegetables consumption (P<0.005), and decrease fast food consumption (P<0.05) |
| Ha et al. (2009) |
Non Experimental |
Activities+ Lectures |
80 |
15 weeks |
Increased total milk and decreased soft drink consumption ( P < 0.05) |
| Keeler et al. (2013) |
Case control |
Peer mentors |
17 women |
8.3 weeks |
Improvement in exercise stage of change(P ≤ 0.01) |
| Topp et al. (2011) |
Non Experimental |
Lectures |
30 |
10 weeks |
Improvement in physical fitness and perceived benefits to exercise and decreased perceived barriers to exercise and healthy diet (P < 0.05) |
| Woods et al. (2002) |
RCT |
On campus leisure facilities, exercise classes and lectures |
186 |
28 weeks |
Improvement in exercise stage of change(P <0.05) |
| On line approach |
| Poddar et al. (2010) |
Experimental |
Online |
294 |
5 weeks |
Increased use of self-regulatory strategies (P=0.038) and self-efficacy(P=0.049) for consuming dairy products (three servings/day) |
| Poddar et al. (2012) |
Experimental |
Online |
211 |
8 weeks |
Improved total dairy intake (P=0.012) and self-regulation(P=0.000) |
| Kwan et al. (2013) |
Non Experimental |
Online |
65 |
6 weeks |
Significant interaction on perceived behavioral control (P<0.001) |
| Franko et al. (2008) |
RCT |
Online |
287 |
24 weeks |
Increased social support, self-efficacy and improved attitude toward dietary and exercise change (P < 0.05) |
| Harvey-Berino et al. (2012) |
Non Experimental |
Online |
336 |
12 weeks |
Significant reduction in weight (P<0.001) |
| Dour et al. (2013) |
Case control |
Online |
653 |
12 weeks |
Improved weight-related health behaviours (P < 0.05) |
| Mixed approach |
| Richards et al. (2006) |
RCT |
Online+ personal |
437 |
16 weeks |
Fruit and vegetable consumption increased significantly (P<0.001) |
| Shahril et al. (2013) |
RCT |
Lectures+ brochures+text messages |
417 |
10 weeks |
Improved dietary intake by increasing their energy intake (P=0.006), calcium (P≤0.001),thiamine (P=0.03), fish (P=0.004), eggs (P=0.03) and dairy products (P=0.005), vitamin C, fruits, milk and decreased processed food intake (P<0.001) |
| Gow et al. (2010) |
RCT |
Lectures+Online discussion |
159 |
12 weeks |
Reduced BMI (P<0.05) |
RCT- Randomised Control Trial, FGDs- Focus Group Discussion