Variable Cases (n=99) Controls (n=199)
Number  Percent Number  Percent 
Categorized age of students
6 to 11 years 44 44.40% 103 51.80%
12 to15 years 55 55.60% 96 48.20%
Gender of students 
Male 35 35.40% 103 51.80%
Female 64 64.60% 96 48.20%
Current residence
Sawla town 58 58.60% 162 81.40%
Rural area / village out of Sawla town 41 41.40% 37 18.60%
Categorized household monthly income (in ETB) 
≤500 35 35.40% 61 30.70%
501 to 999 34 34.30% 54 27.10%
≥1000 30 30.30% 84 42.20%
Mother’s educational level 
Illiterate 36 36.40% 48 24.10%
1 to 4 19 19.20% 43 21.60%
5 to 8 19 19.20% 57 28.60%
9 to12 21 21.20% 33 16.60%
12+ 4 4.00% 18 9.10%
Father’s educational level 
Illiterate 20 20.20% 33 16.60%
1 to 4 9 9.10% 24 12.10%
5 to 8 29 29.30% 45 22.60%
9 to 12 30 30.30% 61 30.70%
12+ 11 11.10% 36 18.10%
Mother’s occupational status 
Government employee 6 6.10% 28 14.10%
Businesswoman 31 31.30% 67 33.70%
Housewife 42 42.40% 76 38.20%
Daily laborer 10 10.10% 12 6.00%
Other * 10 10.10% 16 8.00%
Father’s occupational status 
Government employee 26 26.30% 58 29.10%
Businessman 27 27.30% 61 30.70%
Farmer 21 21.20% 38 19.10%
Daily laborer 14 14.10% 22 11.10%
Other ** 11 11.10% 20 10.10%
‘Other *’ consists of self-employee, farmers and students
‘Other **’ consists of self-employee, unemployed and students
Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of Botre Elementary and Junior Secondary School students, south Ethiopia, March 2014.