| System design |
Detection strategy |
LOD |
Target |
Ref. |
| OnChip-HDA amplification, or solid-phase amplification on a microarray |
Real-time fluorescence |
1 ng 250 pg |
Neisseria gonorrhea; Staphylococcus aureus |
[114] |
| T-structure poly-dimethylsiloxane (TSPS) coated wafer (aldehyde-functionalized chip surface); poly (lys-phe) coated wafer (succimidyl-4-formyl benzoate (SFB) functionalized) |
Naked eye by an enzymatic process employing the dye Tetramethylbenzi-dine (TMB) |
≤ 2 CFU per swab |
nucof Staphylococcus aureus |
[115] |
| PDMS-glass hybrid; 4 parallel reaction chambers (5 µL volume) |
Real-time fluorescence |
0,1 µg DNA/mL |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) DNA |
[116] |
| Disposable, flap-valve controlled thermoplastic cartridge; includes a µSPE column (COP; 0.55 x 0.55 x 20 mm), flap valves, hydrophobic vents, microchannels, 4 HDA reaction chambers (á 25 µL) |
Real-time fluorescence |
≤ 10 CFU |
E. coli |
[117] |
| Polymer-based microfluidic chip (COP) with multiple reaction chambers (à 25 µL); toe warmer as heat source in a Styrofoam cup |
Real-time fluorescence |
1.25 x 10-2 pg |
Clostridium difficile DNA |
[109] |
| Droplet microfluidic, sample-to-answer system (PDMS) including cell lysis, DNA extraction with superparama-gnetic particles |
Real-time fluorescence |
Not specified |
Ovarian cancer biomarker Rsf-1; E. coli |
[118] |
| Vertical-flow DNA detection strip |
Visual detection |
50 copies |
HIV-1 gag gene |
[119] |
| Screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) chip; dextrin coated gold nanoparticles as electrochemical reporter |
Electrochemical |
0.01 ng/µL |
IS6110 gene of. M. tuberculosis |
[121] |
