Author Agent and Application Patient Collective Results Methodical Side Effects Pharmacological Side Effects Remark
Dalbasti et al., [95] Papaverin pellets intraoperative positioning of pellets 117 patients with high risk of vasospasm (73 treatment, 44 control) marked reduction of vasospsm, significant improvement of outcome None None No randomisation
Kasuya et al., [96] Nicardipin pellets, intraoperative positioning of pellets 125 patients with high risk of vasospasm (97 treatment, 28 control) mignificant reduction of DIND None None No randomisation
Krischek et al., [97] Nicardipine pellets intraoperative positioning of pellets 100 patients with high risk of vasospasm (Fisher grade 2 und 3) 7 patients with DIND, 5 patients with DCI. No spasms in vicinity to pellets None None No randomisation
Barth et al., [98] Nicardipine pellets, intraoperative positioning of pellets 32 patients (16 treatment, 16 control) reduction of angiographic vasospasm and DIND, improvement of neurological outcome None None Randomized study
Table 3: Clinical studies assessing the efficacy of intraoperatively positioned drug-releasing “pellets” containing vasodilating agents (DIND=delayed ischemic neurological deficit).