|   | 
        PD with pain  n=68 | 
        PD without pain n=74 | 
        Control n=54 | 
        P value | 
       
      
        | Age(years)a | 
        66.85    ± 9.54 | 
        69.61±10.17 | 
        68.39±7.82 | 
        0.346 | 
       
      
        | Gender (male %)b | 
        39(57.4) | 
        43(58.1) | 
        30(55.6) | 
        0.155 | 
       
      
        | Disease duration (months)a | 
        69.18±48.30 | 
        71.65±34.10 | 
          | 
        0.723  | 
       
      
        | Age onset(years)a | 
        61.07±9.61 | 
        63.64±10.12 | 
          | 
        0.125 | 
       
      
        | UPDRS Ia | 
        3.66±2.33 | 
        1.95±1.68 | 
          | 
        0.000 | 
       
      
        | UPDRS IIa | 
        12.57±6.10 | 
        9.04±4.94 | 
          | 
        0.000 | 
       
      
        | UPDRS IIIa | 
        25.13±12.60 | 
        20.27±10.95 | 
          | 
        0.015 | 
       
      
        | UPDRS IVa | 
        2.18±2.47 | 
        0.92±1.50 | 
          | 
        0.000 | 
       
      
        | H/Y stagea | 
        2.33±0.76 | 
        1.95±0.80 | 
          | 
        0.005 | 
       
      
        | HRSDa | 
        15.54±8.82 | 
        7.41±6.22 | 
          | 
        0.000 | 
       
      
        | MoCAa | 
        22.49±4.77 | 
        23.89±3.09 | 
          | 
        0.037 | 
       
      
        | NMSQTa | 
        8.38±4.87 | 
        4.61±3.16 | 
          | 
        0.000 | 
       
      
        | Daily equivalent levodopa dosage(mg)a | 
        313.92±189.50 | 
        375.35±250.10 | 
          | 
        0.104 | 
       
      
        | Motor fluctuation (yes)c | 
        33 | 
        17 | 
          | 
        0.001 | 
       
      
        | Dyskinesias (yes)c | 
        16 | 
        6 | 
          | 
        0.011 | 
       
      |