Psychometric Reaction time Cognitive central Integrity Working memory accuracy(%)  
Variables TRT RRT MRT AFFF DFFF І-Back ІІ-Back ІІІ-Back
(ms) (ms) (ms)
Before 525.71 ± 72.5 477.8 ± 15.4 47.91 ± 57.1 40.32 ± 0.007 41.43 ± 0.151 81.4 ± 7.3 82.6 ± 16.3 64.6 ± 12.3
After 321.34 ± 32.3 289.7 ± 22.9 31.64 ± 9.4 49.55 ± 1.407 30.434 ± 0.162 99.8 ± 11.2 95.5 ± 12.5 86.7 ± 14.3
p-value <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Table 3: Dual differential combined effects of piracetam and ginkgo biloba on psychomotor, cognitive and working memory performance functions.TRT=total reaction time, RT=recognition reaction time, MRT=movement reaction time, AFFF=ascending flicker fusion frequency, DFFF=descending flicker fusion frequency