| |
Patient 1 |
Patient 2 |
Patient 3 |
Patient 4 |
Patient 5 |
| Age |
22 |
36 |
44 |
25 |
46 |
| Gender |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
| Approximate age of onset |
Adult |
Adult |
Adult |
Late teens |
Childhood, persisted in adulthood |
| Childhood history of sleep walking |
No |
No |
Yes |
None prior |
Yes |
| Comorbid sleep disorder |
Insomnia |
Mild OSA (RDI=10/hr) |
Insomnia |
OSA |
OSA |
| Other comorbidities |
Bipolar disorder |
None |
Dystonia |
None |
None |
| Medications |
Zolpidem, quietapine |
None |
Zolpidem |
None |
None |
| Epilepsy risk factors |
N/a |
None |
None |
None |
None |
| Known history of seizures |
No |
No |
No |
No |
No |
| Sleep fragmentation |
Frequent awakenings |
Awakenings, due to noise |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Time of night |
First half |
Middle |
Unknown |
Variable |
First half |
| Frequency of events |
Variable |
Variable – more frequent when sleep fragmented |
N/a |
Almost every night |
Three per week in childhood, two per month in adulthood |
| Main event type |
Sleep eating, occasional sleepwalking |
Sleepwalking, arm/leg movements, talking |
Sleepwalking, re-arranging objects, complex behaviors |
Sleepwalking, talking, laughter, gesturing, complex behaviors |
Sleepwalking, talking, screaming, agitation, complex behaviors |
| Stereotypical events |
No |
No |
No |
No |
No |
| Oriented after event |
Not witnessed |
Yes |
Not witnessed |
Yes |
Not witnessed |
| Amnesia |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Probable provoking factors |
Zolpidem, fragmented sleep |
Noise, sleep fragmentation |
Zolpidem |
None known |
OSA |
| Use of Zolpidem |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
No |
| MRI/other evaluations |
N/a |
Normal MRI |
N/a |
N/a |
Normal MRI, CT |
| Improvement with |
Corrected sleep hygiene, stop Zolpidem |
Lorazepam, OSA treatment |
Stop Zolpidem |
Surgical treatment of OSA; events mostly persisted |
Events resolved with optimal CPAP use |
