Impulsivity (n = 34) Apathy (n = 24) Control (n = 36) Statistic 3-group comparisons (ANOVA / Kruskall-Wallis or chi-square
Mean (SD); *median (for non-normal data)
Age at assessment 58.65 (9.09) 69.92 (6.91) 62.33 (11.14) F=10.12,p<.001 ‡‡‡†
Age at onset of motor PD (years) 50.85 (8.84) 59.96 (9.99) 55.44 (12.91) F=5.02,p=.009 ‡‡
*Disease duration (months) 91.76 (44.91); 90.00 125.00 (82.81); 96.00 76.06 (60.11); 60.00 H(2)=8.02, p=.02 #††
UPDRS1motor 26.87 (10.13) 37.42 (11.79) 23.65 (10.51) F=12.12,p<.001 ‡‡ †††
*UPDRS1 complications 4.62 (3.33); 4.00 3.79 (3.47); 3.00 2.72 (3.07); 1.50 H(2)=7.85, p=.02 ##
*Hoehn-Yahr stage 2.21 (0.72); 2.00 2.63 (0.73); 3.00 2.19 (0.65); 2.00 H(2)=6.95, p=.03 ‡ †
*Levo-dopa daily equivalents (LEDD)2 988.27 (592.93); 843.46 790.14 (507.08); 706.98 679.70 (608.63); 627.44 H(2)=7.39, p=.03 #‡ (trend)
*Levo-dopa daily equivalents, DA agonists only (DA-LEDD)2 243.16 (161.24) 223.45 (59.52) 257.98 (162.71) F(2)=.174, p=.841
*HADS3 anxiety subscale 8.47 (4.34); 8.50 5.96 (4.02); 5.50 4.29 (3.26); 3.00 H(2)=18.16, p<.001 ###‡†
*HADS3 depression subscale 6.18 (3.14); 6.50 9.13 (3.43); 10.00 4.03 (2.84); 3.00 H(2)=26.06, p<.001 ##‡‡†††
BIS-II4 61.85 (16.82) 57.6 (9.54) 51.40 (15.40) F=4.25;p=.01 #
*AES-C5 Total score 25.03 (11.52); 19.00 46.21 (12.24); 44.00 21.75 (4.87); 19.50 H(2)=42.23; p<.001 ‡‡‡†††
Table 1: Comparison of demographic and disease variables in the three PD groups; 1Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; 2Levodopa equivalent daily dose as per formula outlined in Voon et al., 3Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale; 4Barrett Impulsiveness Scale-II; 5Apathy Evaluation Scale, Clinician version