Stress hormones Awake General anesthesia Adrenaline 1# 170±353 33±61 Adrenaline 2# 822±416 74±147 Adrenaline 3# 194±124 68±58 Adrenaline 4 88±93 51±38 Adrenaline 5 82±97 121±117 ACTH1 21±25 14±9 ACTH2 18±40 11±7 ACTH3 36±73 25±78 ACTH4 24±123 5±8 ACTH5# 25±124 84±113 Cortisol1 11±8 11±4 Cortisol2 10±9 9±3 Cortisol3 16±43 8±4 Cortisol4 11±20 4±4 Cortisol5# 11±17 18±9 Noradrenaline1 179±110 198±89 Noradrenaline2 172±130 210±116 Noradrenaline3 160±130 447±1168 Noradrenaline4 168±151 175±103 Noradrenaline5# 162±131 282±179 Dopamine1 7±5 9±6 Dopamine2 8±6 10±6 Dopamine3 8±6 8±7 Dopamine4 9±7 8±5 Dopamine5 8±7 10±8

Table 1: Comparison of stress hormone levels between awake craniotomy and craniotomy under general anesthesia; Units for adrenaline, ACTH, noradrenaline, and dopamine were picograms/ milliliter; units for cortisol were micrograms/deciliter. 1=T1, 2=T2, 3=T3, 4=T4, 5=T5; # Indicates that the level of stress hormone was significantly different (p<0.05).