| Characteristic | 
        SRNS
          n=40 | 
        SSNS
          n=28 | 
        Well child
          n=31 | 
       
      
        | Age at study, mean (SD) yrs | 
        8.3(4.5) | 
        8.5 (3.9) | 
        12 (3.6) | 
       
      
        | Age at diagnosis, mean(SD) yrs | 
        5.9 (3.3) | 
        6.2 (3.2) | 
        - | 
       
      
        | Sex, n (%) | 
          | 
          | 
          | 
       
      
        | Boys | 
        31(77.5) | 
        17 (60.7) | 
        16 (51.6) | 
       
      
        | Girls | 
        9 (22.5) | 
        11 (39.3) | 
        15 (48.4) | 
       
      
        | Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 
        113.6(14.6) | 
        103.2 (10.2) | 
        106.8 (10.8) | 
       
      
        | Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 
        75.3(12.8) | 
        65.4 (7.9) | 
        68.4 (9.3) | 
       
      
        | Serum MIF, median (min-max) ng/mL | 
        31.9(14.3-117.2)a | 
        21.8(10.4-31.8) | 
        24.1 (11.4-31.1) | 
       
      
        | Plasma angiotensin II, median (min-max) pg/mL | 
        22.8 (3.1-153.4)b | 
        16.3 (2.9-139.5) | 
        12.9 (5.5-58.8) | 
       
      
        Patients’ management, n (%) 
          *Pred + CPA iv 
          *Pred + CPA oral 
          *Pred + CsA 
          *Pulse MP + Pred + CPA oral 
          *Pred AD only | 
         
          22 (55) 
            14 (35) 
            2 (5) 
            2 (5) 
            - | 
         
          - 
            - 
            - 
            - 
            28 (100) | 
        - | 
       
      
        | Threshold dose of prednisone at    inclusion of study, median (min-max) mg/m2 BSA e.o.d | 
        33 (16-41)c | 
        12 (5-34) | 
        - | 
       
      
        | UACR, mean (SD) μg/mg creatinine | 
        5898.6 (4289)d | 
        65.7 (7.5) | 
        6 (4) | 
       
     
    Abbreviations: SD: Standard Deviation; Pred: Prednisone; CPA= Cyclophosphamide; Csa: Cyclosporine A; Pulse MP: Pulse Methyl Prednisolone; Pred AD: Prednisone
      Alternating Days; BSA: Body Surface Area; E.O.D: Every Other Day; UACR: Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio
      Statistics: ap<0.001 vs. other group (Kruskall Wallis test), bp=0.01 vs. other group (Kruskall Wallis test), cp<0.001vs. SSNS (Mann Whitney), dp<0.001 vs. other group
    (Anova) |