| Layer of vascular wall |
Intima |
Media |
| Features of histology |
Atherosclerosis
lipid-laden plaques
micro-inflammation of the atherosclerotic plaque.
Predominantly in medium-sized arteries
aggregates of calcium sedimentations
patchy and focal in distribution, |
Arteriosclerosis
deeper layer ofthe arterial wall
Linear sedimentations on elastic lamellae.
diffuse contiguousfashion.
extracellular matrix deposition
fibroelastic intimal thickening
hydroxyapatite and whitlockite deposition |
| Associated clinical symptoms
|
Plaques rupture
Myocardial Infraction, or
Cerebrovascular accident |
Vascular stiffness:
Heart failure,
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Cardiac ValveCalcification, ,
Monckeberg’s sclerosis |
| Risk factors |
Lipid, macrophages, inflammation
HCVD, DM, Oxidative stress |
Elastin degradation, hyperphosphatemia,
Hypercalcemia
Dialysis vintage
Decreased inhibitors ofcalcification |
| Plain radiography |
Spotty calcification |
Linear tram-track calcification |
