Patient (No) Age (years) Sex (M/F) PC PMH CKD ACEI ALD-block K+-sparing 1 79 F Acute confusional state T2DM, CHD, HF, HYP, PM, HYPTH Stage 3 Lisinopril 10 mg od Spironolactonea 50 mg od NP 2b 82 M Syncope T2DM, HYP, HF, Blindness Stage 4 Ramipril 5mg od NP Amiloridec 5 mg od 3 77 F Cachexia CHD, HF, PM, AF Stage 4d AKI Perindopril 4 mg od Spironolactonea 50 mg od NP 4 74 F Malaise T2DM, HF Stage 4 Lisinopril 10 mg od Spironolactonea 50 mg od NP 5 81 F Chest pain HYP, HF, AF, CD, T2DM, CLL Stage 3d AKI Ramipril  5 mg od Spironolactonea 50 mg od NP 6 82 F Syncope CD, HYP, HF, PM, HIPR Stage 3d AKI Ramipril  5 mg od Spironolactonea 50 mg od NP 7 79 M Dyspnoea, peripheral oedema HYP, HF, CHD, PE, CD AKI Lisinopril 10 mg od Spironolactonea 50 mg od NP Over-65- individuals ≥ 65 year-old; ACEI: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor; HF: Heart Failure; No: Number; M: Male; F: Female; PC: Present Complaint; PMH: Past Medical History; CKD: stage of Chronic Renal Disease at admission (eGFR calculated by http://www.mdrd.com); ALD-block- Aldosterone Antagonist; K+-sparing- potassium sparing diuretic; T2DM: type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; CHD: Coronary Heart Disease; CD: Cerebrovascular Disease; HYP: Arterial Hypertension; PM: Pace-Maker; HYPTH: Hyperthyroidism; NP: Not Prescribed; aSpirolactone was administrated in association to furosemine 20 mg; od: once daily; bthis patient died before Hospital discharge and it couldn’t be retrieved the cause of death; cAmiloride was administrated in association to hydrochlorothiazide; dabout 1 month before admission; ARF: Acute Renal Failure at admission; AF: Atrial Fibrillation; AKI: Acute Kidney Injury; CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia; HIPR: Hip Replacement; PE: Pulmonary Embolism

Table 4: Over-65 HF Emergency admissions with serum potassium ≥ 6 mEq/l. Patients before entry were under treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and aldosterone antagonist or potassium sparing diuretics.