Author

DM Type

Proteinuria and/or GFR at baseline

Treatment/ Design

Treatment Arms (daily dose in mg)

Control

N

Drop out/ Lost to follow-up

N analyzed

Study length

Jadad score (max 5)

Jacobsen 2002  (12)*

1

AER > 300 mg/24h GFR > 20 ml/min

ACEI + ARB/ RCCT

 C100 or E/L20 + I 300 v. C100 or E/L20

Plac

21

2

19

8 wks

4

Jacobsen 2003 (13)*

1

AER > 300 mg/24h GFR > 30 ml/min

ACEI + ARB/ RCCT

B20 + V80 v. B20 or V80

Plac

20

2

18

8 wks

4

Jacobsen 2003 (14)*

1

AER > 300 mg/24h GFR > 30 ml/min

ACEI + ARB/ RCCT

E40 + I300 v. E40

Plac

24

0

24

8 wks

4

Mehdi 2009  (15)*

1/2

ACR > 300 mg/g Cr < 3.0 (females) 4.0 (males)

ACEI + ARB v. ACEI + ALDOA/ RCT

 L80 + Los100 or Sp25

Plac

80

21

59

48 wks

5

Parving 2008 (16)*

2

ACR > 300 mg/g (or 200 mg/g if pt taking RAS inhibitors) and <3500 mg/g eGFR > 30 ml/min/1.73m2

DRI + ARB/ RCT

 A150-300 + Los100 v. Los100

Plac

599

75

524

6 mo

5

Rossing 2002 (17)*

2

AER > 300-1000 mg/24h GFR > 25 ml/min

ACEI + ARB/ RCCT

 C100 or E/L20 + Cs8 v. C100 or E/L20

Plac

18

1

17

8 wks

5

Rossing 2003 (18)*

2

AER > 300-1000 mg/24h GFR > 25 ml/min

ACEI + ARB/ RCCT

 C150 or E/L40 + Cs16 v. C150 or E/L40

Plac

20

0

20

8 wks

5

Rossing 2005 (19)*

2

AER > 300 mg/24h GFR > 30 ml/min/ 1.73m2

ACEI or ARB + ALDOA/ RCCT

ACEI and/or ARB (various) + Sp25 v. ACEI or ARB

Plac

21

1

20

8 wks

5

Schjoedt 2005 (20)*

1

AER > 300 mg/24h GFR > 30 ml/min/1.73m2

ACEI or ARB + ALDOA/ RCCT

ACEI and/or ARB (various) + Sp25 v. ACEI or ARB

Plac

22

2

20

2 mo

5

Schjoedt 2006 (21)*

1/2

AER > 2500 mg/24h GFR > 30 ml/min/1.73m2

ACEI or ARB + ALDOA/ RCCT

ACEI and/or ARB various + Sp25 v. ACEI or ARB

Plac

20

0

20

2 mo

5

Song 2003 (22)*

2

PER > 1 g/24h CCr 25-90 ml/min

ACEI + ARB RCCT

 R5-7.5 + Cs4-8 v. R5-7.5

Plac

20 (of 32 total)

2

18

16 wks

4

Tan 2010 (23)*

2

AER > 300 mg/24h

ACEI + ARB RCCT

E20 + Los 100 v. E10 + Los 50 v. E20 v. Los 100

No

36

2

34

8 wks

2

Cetinkaya 2004 (24)

?

PER > 300 mg/24h

ACEI + ARB RCCT

E10 + Los50 v. E20 or Los100

No

22

0

22

12 wks

1

Kim 2003 (25)

2

PER > 1 g/24h  CCr 25-90 ml/min/1.73m2

ACEI + ARB RCCT

R5.7 (R5 or 7.5, 5.7 average dose) + Cs4 v. ACEI

Plac

24 (of 43 total)

2

22

12 wks

3

Matos 2005 (26)

2

PER 0.5-3 g/24h  CCr > 40 ml/min/1.73m2

ACEI + ARB RCCT

 P8 + I300 v. P8 v. I300

No

20

5

15

16 wks

2

Song 2006 (27)

2

PER > 1 g/24h CCr 30-59 ml/min/1.73m2

ACEI + ARB RCCT

 R5 + Cs8 v. R10 v. Cs16

No

25

4

21

16 wks

3
*Included in analysis for primary outcome; A, aliskiren; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; AER, urinary albumin excretion rate; ALDOA, aldosterone antagonist; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; C, captopril; Cs, candesartan; CCr, creatinine clearance; DRI, direct renin inhibitor; E, enalapril; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; I, irbesartan; L, lisinopril; Los, losartan; P, perindopril; PER, protein excretion rate; R, ramipril; RCCT, randomized controlled crossover trial; RCT, randomized controlled (parallel group) trial; Sp, spironolactone; V, valsartan.
Table 1: Summary results and selected characteristics of each clinical trial.