Table 1

	Acute and Sub acute type	Chronic type
Duration period	Weeks or Months	Years
Drugs and risk factors	CaCO3, VitD3, Thiazides, osteoporosis	CaCO3, VitD3, Thiazides, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis
Renal histologic findings	Calcium deposition in renal tubules and interstitial tissue is mild to moderate. Interstitial fibrosis or inflammatory change is also mild.	Calcium deposition in renal tubules and interstitial tissue is moderate to severe. Interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration are moderate to severe. Tubular atrophy. Glomerulus hyalinization, Thickening of Bowman’s capsule.
Treatment	Hydration with saline and cessation of suspected drugs.	Hydration with saline and cessation of suspected drugs. Dialysis.
Renal outcome	Recovery from renal insufficiency occurs rapidly in a few days or weeks.	Complete recovery from renal insufficiency does not occur. Dialysis is sometimes required.

Table 1: The histology and outcomes of renal injury in calcium-alkali syndrome.