Time Dialysis Use N Mean (std) p-value*
Transplant hospitalization DGF – dialysis first week only 12,130 $31,451 (23,144) <0.0001
DGF – dialysis in 2 periods† 2,144 $31,242 (17,649)  
DGF – dialysis in more than 2 periods† 1,040 $33,280 (20,487)  
No DGF – some dialysis 1,525 $33,035 (19,746)  
No DGF – no dialysis 20,694 $30,068 (13,714)  
         
One year post transplant DGF – dialysis first week only 10,721 $74,081 (51,171) <0.0001
DGF – dialysis in 2 periods† 1,904 $87,330 (71,645)  
DGF – dialysis in more than 2 periods† 963 $98,651 (64,521)  
No DGF – some dialysis 1,419 $90,590 (67,299)  
No DGF – no dialysis 19,304 $68,089 (41,809)  
         
Two years post transplant DGF – dialysis first week only 8,964 $98,621 (69,100) <0.0001
DGF – dialysis in 2 periods† 1,699 $112,002 (85,184)  
DGF – dialysis in more than 2 periods† 859 $129,105 (83,008)  
No DGF – some dialysis 1,340 $114,589 (86,538)  
No DGF – no dialysis 17,571 $90,072 (59,685)  
         
Three years post transplant DGF – dialysis first week only 7,273 $121,063 (84,526) <0.0001
DGF – dialysis in 2 periods† 1,408 $136,189 (102,254)  
DGF – dialysis in more than 2 periods† 710 $156,079 (102,681)  
No DGF – some dialysis 1,235 $138,264 (101,836)  
No DGF – no dialysis 15,776 $110,109 (74,650)  
Costs adjusted to 2004 as the base year
* P value for the difference in cost distribution according to early post-transplant dialysis utilization was computed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.
† Periods of early dialysis were first week, the second week, weeks 3 or 4, the second month and the third month post-transplant
Table 2: Average accumulated costs for transplant hospitalization and care over 1, 2, and 3 years post transplant among Medicare-insured renal recipients from 1995- 2004 according to early post transplant dialysis utilization (in US dollars).