| Variables |
AF Group
(n = 185) |
Control Group
(n = 189) |
p Value |
| Age, y |
65.9 ± 10.1 |
65.7 ± 10.3 |
0.957 |
| Male gender, n (%) |
116 (62.7%) |
115 (60.8%) |
0.712 |
| Risk factors for coronary artery disease, n (%) |
|
|
|
| Systemic hypertension |
102 (55.1%) |
97 (51.3%) |
0.460 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
31 (16.8%) |
35 (18.5%) |
0.655 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia |
49 (26.5%) |
63 (33.3%) |
0.148 |
| Current smokers |
42 (22.7%) |
54 (28.6%) |
0.194 |
| Family history of coronary disease |
22 (11.9%) |
21 (11.1%) |
0.813 |
| Baseline blood pressure and heart rate |
|
|
|
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg |
127.8 ± 13.3 |
130.6 ±14.5 |
0.005 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg |
72.9 ± 10.1 |
73.8 ±10.6 |
0.479 |
| Heart rate, beats/min |
80.6 ±13.8 |
72.4 ± 12.7 |
<0.001 |
| Echocardiographic parameters |
|
|
|
| Left atrium diameter (parasternal axis), mm |
38.3 ± 6.4 |
34.8 ± 5.9 |
<0.001 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, mm |
51.1 ± 9.6 |
49.6 ± 9.7 |
0.062 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, mm |
33.3 ± 5.9 |
32.7 ± 6.4 |
0.173 |
| Interventricular septum thickness, mm |
11.6 ± 1.6 |
11.5 ± 1.5 |
0.297 |
| Posterior wall thickness, mm |
10.0 ± 1.3 |
9.9 ± 1.2 |
0.284 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % |
54.2 ± 10.5 |
57.9 ± 10.3 |
<0.001 |
| Baseline use of medication, n (%) |
|
|
|
| Digoxin |
39 (21.1%) |
18 (9.5%) |
0.002 |
| Aspirin |
142 (76.8%) |
157 (83.1%) |
0.127 |
| Clopidogrel |
130 (70.3%) |
147 (77.8%) |
0.098 |
| Statins |
77 (41.6%) |
91 (48.1%) |
0.205 |
| Beta-blockers |
82 (44.3%) |
77 (40.7%) |
0.483 |
| ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs |
75 (40.5%) |
82 (43.4%) |
0.577 |
| Calcium channel blockers |
57 (30.8%) |
61 (32.3%) |
0.761 |
| Diuretics |
45 (24.3%) |
41 (21.7%) |
0.545 |
| Nitrates |
36 (19.5%) |
35 (18.5%) |
0.817 |
