| |
Healthy volunteers (n=35) |
Entire cohort of enrolled patients (n=101) |
MetS patients (n=47) |
T2DM patients (n=54) |
| Age, years |
46.12 ± 4.22 |
48.34 ± 7.80 |
48.30 ± 3.94 |
48.50 ± 6.60 |
| males, n (%) |
23 (65.7%) |
64 (63.3%) |
30 (63.8%) |
34 (63.0%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
21.5 (25-75% IQR=16.1–23.5) |
28.7 (25-75% IQR=16.5–32.4)* |
28.2 (25-75% IQR=16.7–31.0) |
28.5 (25-75% IQR=16.8–32.1) |
| Waist circumference, sm |
78 (25-75% IQR=63–89) |
91 (25-75% IQR=71–103)* |
92 (25-75% IQR=69–105) |
89 (25-75% IQR=72–100) |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
- |
68 (67.3%)* |
32 (68.0%) |
36 (66.7%) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) |
- |
59 (58.4%)* |
26 (55.3%) |
33 (61.1%)# |
| T2DM, n (%) |
- |
54 (53.5%)* |
- |
- |
| MetS, n (%) |
- |
47 (46.5%)* |
- |
- |
| Adherence to smoking, n (%) |
6 (17.1%) |
31 (30.7%)* |
16 (34.0%) |
15 (27.7%) |
| Framingham risk score |
2.55 ± 1.05 |
8.12 ± 2.88* |
8.09 ± 2.12 |
8.18 ± 2.32 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg |
122 ± 5 |
136 ± 6* |
137 ± 4 |
136 ± 5 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg |
72 ± 4 |
86 ± 6* |
87 ± 5 |
86 ± 4 |
| Heart rate, beats per 1 min. |
66 ± 6 |
72 ± 7* |
71 ± 6 |
72 ± 5 |
| GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 |
102.1 (95% CI=91.4–113.2) |
93.1 (95% CI=79.5–109.7) |
92.5 (95% CI=83.1–107.4) |
93.8 (95% CI=80.4–106.8) |
| HbA1c, % |
4.75 (95% CI =4.36-5.12) |
7.0 (95% CI =4.3-9.2)* |
6.82 (95% CI =4.61-5.37) |
7.3 (95% CI =4.3-9.1)# |
| fasting blood glucose, mmol/L |
4.52 (95% CI =4.43-4.76) |
5.40 (95% CI =3.4-9.1)* |
5.46 (95% CI =4.23-4.76) |
5.54 (95% CI =4.49-9.0)# |
| Insulin, μU/mL |
4.98 (25-75% IQR =1.5–14.1) |
15.15 (25-75% IQR =13.69-16.62)* |
14.2 (25-75% IQR =12.5–15.7) |
15.6 (25-75% IQR =12.9-16.8)# |
| HOMA-IR, mmol/L × μU/mL |
1.01 (25-75% IQR =0.91-1.07) |
3.83 (25-75% IQR =3.47-4.20)* |
3.45 (25-75% IQR =3.22-3.78) |
3.86 (25-75% IQR =3.41-4.10)# |
| creatinine, μmol/L |
62.1 (95% CI =55.7–82.4) |
70.5 (95% CI =59.6–88.3) |
72.3 (95% CI =56.1–86.9) |
71.2 (95% CI =59.9–87.2) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L |
4.76 (95% CI =4.21-5.05) |
5.3 (95% CI =4.6-6.0)* |
5.3 (95% CI =4.5-5.9) |
5.4 (95% CI =4.8-5.8) |
| LDL-C, mmol/L |
3.10 (95% CI =2.78–3.21) |
3.60 (95% CI =3.20–4.18)* |
3.48 (95% CI =3.30–4.07) |
3.80 (95% CI =3.20–4.20)# |
| HDL-C, mmol/L |
1.13 (95% CI = 1.05–1.17) |
0.94 (95% CI = 0.92–1.06)* |
1.01 (95% CI = 0.90–1.13) |
0.94 (95% CI = 0.88–1.04)# |
| TG, mmol/L |
1,18 (95% CI = 1.07–1.30) |
1,68 (95% CI = 1.44–1.98)* |
1.77 (95% CI =1.62–1.95) |
1.45 (95% CI =1.42–1.51)# |
| hs-CRP, mg / L |
4.11 (25-75% IQR=0.97 – 5.03) |
7.96 (25-75% IQR=4.72 – 9.34)* |
7.87 (25-75% IQR=4.92 – 9.43) |
8.10 (25-75% IQR=4.80 – 9.54) |
| sRANKL, pg / mL |
16.10 (25-75% IQR=2.1-30.1) |
25.80 (25-75% IQR=15.2-46.5)* |
24.10 (25-75% IQR=14.7-36.9) |
26.20 (25-75% IQR=15.3-40.7) |
| Osteoprotegerin, pg / mL |
88.3 (25-75% IQR=37.5-136.6) |
725.9 (25-75% IQR=579.9-871.9)* |
718.5 (25-75% IQR=572.1-846.2) |
732.1 (25-75% IQR=587.5-866.3) |
| Adiponectin, mg / L |
6.17 (25-75% IQR=3.44-10.15) |
13.65 (25-75% IQR=10.12-24.93)* |
13.61 (25-75% IQR=9.74-22.35) |
14.12 (25-75% IQR=10.12-23.10) |
| CD144+/CD31+ EMPs, n/mL |
0.87 (25-75% IQR = 0.27-1.25) |
0.91 (25-75% IQR = 0.36-1.35) |
0.89 (25-75% IQR = 0.32-1.29) |
0.93 (25-75% IQR = 0.39-1.34) |
| CD144+/annexin V+ EMPs, n/mL |
0.95 (25-75% IQR = 0.11-1.78) |
1.15 (25-75% IQR = 0.13-2.41) |
1.08 (25-75% IQR = 0.13-2.39) |
1.17 (25-75% IQR = 0.15-2.55) |
| CD144+/CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs, n/mL |
0.82 (25-75% IQR = 0.27-1.55) |
1.01 (25-75% IQR = 0.39-1.70) |
0.94 (25-75% IQR = 0.38-1.52) |
1.10(25-75% IQR = 0.40-1.67) |
| CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs, n/mL |
0.154 (25-75% IQR = 0.03-0.21) |
0.296 (25-75% IQR = 0.261-0.339)* |
0.285 (25-75% IQR = 0.253-0.318) |
0.319 (25-75% IQR = 0.279-0.368)# |
| CD62E+ EMPs, n/mL |
1.35 (25-75% IQR = 0.95-1.68) |
1.03 (25-75% IQR = 0.86-1.13)* |
1.05 (25-75% IQR = 0.88-1.18) |
0.99 (25-75% IQR = 0.92-1.16) |
Note: Data are presented as mean and ± SE or 95% CI; median and 25-75% IQR. Categorical variables are expressed as numerous (n) and percentages (%). P-value
was used for comparison of mean or median variables between both cohorts (ANOVA test). * - significant difference (P<0.05) between healthy subjects and entire patient
cohort, # - significant difference (P<0.05) between MetS and T2DM patients.