| Characteristic | 
        NEC (n=10) | 
        Sepsis (n=5) | 
        Control (n=5) | 
        p-value | 
       
      
        | Gender | 
          | 
          | 
          | 
        1 | 
       
      
        | Female   | 
        4 (40%) | 
        2 (40%) | 
        2 (40%) | 
          | 
       
      
        | Male   | 
        6 (60%) | 
        3 (60%) | 
        3 (60%) | 
          | 
       
      
        | Race | 
          | 
          | 
          | 
        0.418 | 
       
      
        | Asian   | 
        3 (30%) | 
        0 (0%) | 
        2 (40%) | 
          | 
       
      
        | Black   | 
        2 (20%) | 
        0 (0%) | 
        0 (0%) | 
          | 
       
      
        | White   | 
        5 (50%) | 
        5 (100%) | 
        3 (60%) | 
          | 
       
      
        | Gestation age (weeks) | 
          | 
          | 
          | 
        0.078 | 
       
      
        | Median (IQR) | 
        26.5
          (24.0, 31.0) | 
        26
          (26, 29) | 
        34
          (33, 35) | 
          | 
       
      
        | Birth weight (grams) | 
          | 
          | 
          | 
        0.028* | 
       
      
        | Median (IQR) | 
        810
          (680, 1050) | 
        950
          (710, 1180) | 
        2560
          (1900, 2820) | 
          | 
       
      
        | Birth length (cm) | 
          | 
          | 
          | 
        0.042* | 
       
      
        | Median (IQR) | 
        33
          (32, 35) | 
        36.5
          (32.0, 37.0) | 
        44
          (42.75, 46.00) | 
          | 
       
      
        | Birth head circumference  (cm) | 
          | 
          | 
          | 
        0.042* | 
       
      
        | Median (IQR) | 
        23.75
          (22.00, 29.00) | 
        25.5
          (23.0, 26.5) | 
        33
          (31.250, 33.125) | 
          | 
       
     
    IQR, interquartile range. *p-value<0.05 |