| |
| Study (Year) |
Biomarker(s) Identified |
Changes in Biomarker(s) |
Biomarker(s)
Function |
| Dominguez et al. [6,53] |
CXCL13, IL-6 |
Differential expression amongst implanted vs. non-implanted blastocysts |
Chemo-attractant used by implanted blastocysts. IL-6 favors implantation |
| Gonazalez et al. [62] |
Leptin |
Present at higher levels in viable blastocysts vs. arrested embryos |
Binds to leptin receptors to establish fetal/maternal communication |
| Katz-Jaffe et al. [44] |
Ubiquitin |
Higher levels in developing blastocysts vs. non-implanted blastocysts. |
Involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and implantation. |
| Cortezzi et al. [48] |
Jumonji |
1/15 proteins exclusively present in embryos that lead to implantation |
Synthesizes PRCS2, which silences differentiation, developmental genes via methylation |
| Cortezzi et al. [48] |
TSGA10 |
1/10 proteins exclusively present in embryos that did not lead to implantation |
Involved in cell division, differentiation, and migration of murine embryos |
| Katz-Jaffe et al. [45] |
IL6, CXCL13 |
Present at higher levels in implanted blastocysts vs. blastocysts that did not implant with the EEC co-culture |
Involved in development and implantation |
| Cheong et al. [23] |
Leucine |
Highest amino acid important nutrients for blastocysts |
Essential, branched amino acid required for embryonic nutrition |
