| Study (Year) |
Proteomes Analyzed |
Biomarker(s) Identified |
Changes in Biomarker(s) |
Biomarker(s) Function |
| McReynolds et al. [69] |
Secretomes of morphologically similar aneuploidy vs. euploidy blastocysts |
Lipocalin-1 |
Differentially expressed between aneuploidy and euploidy blastocysts; reflects aneuploidy rather than failed implantation; if overexpressed, causes protease/anti-protease imbalance inhibiting implantation |
Binds to hydrophobic ligands; inhibits cysteine proteases; high levels signify stress, infection, and inflammation |
| Tsangaris et al. [68] |
Amniotic fluid of Down Syndrome fetuses (cases) vs. healthy fetuses (controls) |
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins |
40% less in Down Syndrome cases than in controls |
Transport |
| Wang et al. [126] |
Amniotic fluid of Down Syndrome fetuses (cases)vs. healthy fetuses (controls) |
Pre-albumin, transferrin, trypsin |
Higher in Down Syndrome cases than in controls |
Transport, serine protease |
| Tsangaris et al. [68] |
Turner Syndrome fetuses (cases) vs. healthy fetuses (controls) |
Serotransferrrin, lumican, plasma retinol-binding protein, apolipoprotein A1
kiniogen, prothrombin, apolipoprotein A-IV |
a. Higher in cases than controls
b. Higher in controls than cases |
Fetal growth and development
Nutrient cofactors and hormone carriers |
| Wang et al. [126] |
Trisomy 18 fetuses (cases) vs. healthy fetuses (controls) |
a. Apolipoprotein A1, phaeodactylum tricornumtum, antitrypsin
b. placental protein 14 |
a. Higher in controls than cases
b. Higher in cases than controls |
Immunity, skin pigmentation, platelet disorders |
