Specification Value
  Clay (%) 12
  Silt (%) 8
  Sand (%) 80
Soil pH 7.3
  Nitrogen (%) 0.41
  Available P (ppm) 15
  Available K (ppm) 180
  Texture LS
  Particle Size (m) <0.001
  Soil microbial population (CFU/g) 1.9x107
  Sp. Gr. at 15°C/15°C 0.8575
  Kinematics viscosity  at 10°C (c.st) 18.09
  Kinematics viscosity  at 20°C (c.st) 11.93
  Kinematics viscosity  at 40°C (c.st) 6.28
  Water and Sediments (vol. %) 0.5
Petroleum oil H2S (ppm) Trace
  Sulfur content (wt. %) 1.3
  Asphaltene (wt. %) 2.0
  Nitrogen total (wt. %) 0.17
  Carbon residue (wt. %) 3.61
  Wax content (wt. %) 11.0
  Nickel (ppm) 1.22
  Vanadium (ppm) 7.1
  Iron (ppm) 21.7
  Sodium (ppm) 6.52
Table 1: Chemical, physical and microbial properties of experimental soils and petroleum oil.