Arabian Gulf at Kuwait Ion Concentration, mg/l
Chloride (Cl-) 23,000
Sodium (Na+) 15,850
Sulfate (SO42-) 4,000
Magnesium (Mg2+) 1,765
Calcium (Ca2+) 500
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) 142
Total dissolved solids (TDS), mg/l 45,157
pH 7.8
Density*, g/cm3 1.028
*Measured at 77°F
Table 1: Composition of synthetic seawater.