| S. No. |
Fungi |
Type of biosurfactants |
Solvents used in the purification processes |
Determination of various parameters by analytical methods |
References |
| 1. |
Torulopsis bombicola |
Sophorose lipid |
Hexane, Chloroform,
Ethyl acetate |
Glucose- Dinitrosalicylic acid [32]
Soybean oil- Wjis method [33]
Sophorose lipid- Phenol sulphuric acid [34]
Cell growth- Plotting absorbance at 650 nm against dry cell weight |
[24] |
| 2. |
Candida bombicola |
Sophorolipids (SL) |
Not mentioned |
Biomass- Measured as optical density at 650 nm
Nitrogen- With an Orion 720A free ammonia electrode.
Phosphorus and glucose- HPLC |
[11] |
| 3. |
Candida bombicola |
Sophorolipid |
Pentane and Ethyl acetate |
Hydroxyl fatty acid – Methanolysis [35] |
[12] |
| 4. |
Candida ingens |
Not mentioned |
Ethyl acetate extraction [36] |
Biomass- [37]
Surface tension- Fisher tensiometer |
[28] |
| 5. |
Candida bombicola |
Sophorolipid |
n-Hexane and Ethyl acetate [38] |
Biomass- O.D. at 650nm in a spectrophotometer
Oil- Dry weight after n-hexane removal by evaporation.
Sophorolipid- Conc. is checked by dry weight after evaporation of ethyl acetate and structure was analysed by HPLC
Glucose- HPLC |
[13] |
| 6. |
Candida bombicola |
Sophorolipid |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
[14] |
| 7. |
Candida bombicola |
Sophorolipid |
Ethyl acetate and Hexane [39] |
Ni2+ estimation- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [40] |
[7] |
| 8. |
Candida bombicola |
Sophorolipid |
Hexane or Ethyl acetate |
Protein -Lowry method [41]
Total carbohydrates-
anthrone assay [42]
Total intracellular lipids-
[43]
Amino acid- HPLC |
[8] |
| 9. |
Candida lipolytica |
Protein-lipid-polysaccharide complex |
Ethyl acetate extraction |
Protein- Total protein test kit from Lab test Diagnostica, S.A., Brazil.
Sugars- Phenol–sulfuric acid method [34]
Lipid- Gravimetric estimation [44] |
[15] |
| 10. |
Candida lipolytica |
Protein-lipid-carbohydrate complex |
Chloroform [30] |
Protein- Total protein test kit from Lab test Diagnostica, S.A., Brazil.
Sugars- Phenol–sulfuric acid method [34]
Lipid- Gravimetric estimation [44] |
[16] |
| 11. |
Candida ishiwadae |
Glycolipid |
Ethyl acetate and Hexane [45] |
Fatty acid analysis- GC-MS |
[17] |
| 12. |
Candida batistae |
Sophorolipid |
Ethyl acetate extraction |
Acid form of SLs/ Lactone form- HPLC |
[18] |
| 13. |
Aspergillus ustus |
Glycolipoprotein |
Ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and dichloromethane |
Protein- [46]
Carbohydrate- Phenol–sulphuric acid method [47]
Lipid- For free fatty acid using the method of [48] |
[19] |
| 14. |
Ustilago maydis |
Glycolipid |
Chloroform:Methanol extraction [49] |
Biomass- [49]
Free fatty acids- [50]
Lipase activity- [51] |
[20] |
| 15. |
Trichosporon ashii |
Sophorolipid |
Chloroform and methanol extraction |
Carbohydrate- Anthrone reagent method [52]
Lipid- [53]
Protein- [46] |
[21] |
