Average half-life
of Droplet
uptake,
sec
Average Time to
Complete Droplet
uptake,
sec
Equilibrium Non- Penetrated Drop
Volume,
µL
Equilibrium Contact Angle,
degree
TOXIMUL®TA-15
152
600+
0.35
28.6
TOXIMUL®TA-15 + Protein
47
233
0
0
AMMONYX®LO
123
600+
0.21
18.8
AMMONYX®LO + Protein
42
194
0
0
STEOL®CS-230
71
600+
0.18
18.1
STEOL®CS-230 + Protein
28
185
0
0
STEOL®CS-230 +AMMONYX®LO (2:1)
51
600+
0.09
12.5
STEOL CS-230+
AMMONYX® LO (2:1)+ Protein
24
159
0
0
Table 1: Yeast extract CF protein synergist (20%) enhances and accelerates the wetting, spreading, and uptake of each of the four surfactant solutions applied to the cabbage leaf surface as a 1 μL droplet
