No Oil type Surfactants Mixture type RPM
( S-1)
Mixing time
(minutes)
Reference
01 Heptane/toluene Asphaltene/resin Ultra-turax T25 9500 0.5 Havre and Sjöblom [5]
02 Jet Kerosen Asphaltene/resin - - - -
03 Silicon oil SDS - 7000 - Burjic [7]
04 Heptane/toluene Asphaltene/resin Ultra-turax T25 22000 30 Andreas et al., [13]
05 Heptane/toluene Asphaltene/resin - 17000 7 Rodiguez et al., [12]
06 Paraffin oil Span 80,Tween20 - 500 15 Zhang et al., [16]
07 - -   10000 30 Fara et al., [19]
08 Petroleum oil - Ultra-turax 24000 2 Paso et al., [21]
09 Bitumen/toluene - Polytron 20000 3 Wu et al., [25]
10 - SDDS Ultrasonic - 10 Bratskayaet al [30]
11 Petroleum oil Silversonlurt - 20000 1 Auflem [32]
12 - - Vertishear cyclone 1500 2 Zakiet al [4]
13 Petroleum oil - ht-2 homogenizer 1200 5 Zhiqing [33]
14 Petroleum oil - 3 blade propeller 2000 10 Nour [34]
15 Benzene SDDS Magnatis stirrer - 15 Yakhkeshiand Hosseina [46]
16 Xelene - Ultrasonic - 6 Oji and Opara [47]
17 - - Electromagnetic 1000 10 Yun Kim [48]
18 Petoleum oil - 3 blade propeller 1600 5 Nour [34]
19 - Span 80 - 6000 20 Lin et al., [54]
20 Dodecane Asphaltene Hand shaking -   Yang et al., [55]
21 - Twee 20 blender     Mittal andVold [57]
22 Kerosen - - 1000 60 Kocherginskyet al., [58]
23 Gas oil - 6 blade blender - 10 Sadrzadeh et al., [62]
24 - - Ultra-turax T25 17500 10 Fortunyet al., [71]
Table 1: Some importants parameters, for emulsion formulation.