| Characteristic |
Sum of squares |
Degrees of freedom |
Mean square |
F-ratio |
R2 |
| Regression |
Residual |
Regression |
Residual |
Regression |
Residual |
| Brake thermal efficiency |
80.6545 |
1.3084 |
9 |
17 |
8.9616 |
0.0770 |
116.43 |
0.984 |
| Smoke |
2280.72 |
30.91 |
9 |
17 |
253.41 |
1.82 |
139.39 |
0.987 |
| HC |
2730.19 |
44.99 |
9 |
17 |
303.35 |
2.65 |
114.62 |
0.984 |
| CO |
0.158831 |
0.00071 |
9 |
17 |
0.017648 |
0.000042 |
422.44 |
0.996 |
| NOx |
886280 |
28830 |
9 |
17 |
98476 |
1696 |
58.07 |
0.968 |
| Pmax |
626.278 |
8.019 |
9 |
17 |
69.586 |
0.472 |
147.53 |
0.987 |
| HRR |
837.806 |
14.269 |
9 |
17 |
93.090 |
0.839 |
110.91 |
0.983 |
|
| F- table (9, 17, 0.01) = 3.68 |
| a) 3 hole injector |
| Characteristic |
Sum of squares |
Degrees of freedom |
Mean square |
F-ratio |
R2 |
| Regression |
Residual |
Regression |
Residual |
Regression |
Residual |
| Brake thermal efficiency |
79.8924 |
1.3993 |
9 |
17 |
8.8769 |
0.0823 |
107.84 |
0.983 |
| Smoke |
2091.64 |
37.55 |
9 |
17 |
232.40 |
2.21 |
105.23 |
0.982 |
| HC |
2210.00 |
154.67 |
9 |
17 |
245.56 |
9.10 |
26.99 |
0.935 |
| CO |
0.136506 |
0.000569 |
9 |
17 |
0.015167 |
0.000033 |
453.54 |
0.996 |
| NOx |
1822126 |
152580 |
9 |
17 |
202458 |
8975 |
22.56 |
0.923 |
| Pmax |
667.278 |
16.130 |
9 |
17 |
74.142 |
0.949 |
78.14 |
0.976 |
| HRR |
991.08 |
25.58 |
9 |
17 |
110.12 |
1.50 |
73.17 |
0.975 |
|
| F- table (9, 17, 0.01) = 3.68 |
| b) 4 hole injector |
| Table 8: ANOVA results and R2 values of mathematical models of performance, emission and combustion characteristics |
