Lactobacillus plantarum strains Supernatant of lactobacilli N11 N27 N33 N44 E56 Natural (acidic) 82% 72% 76% 74% 75% Neutral (pH 6.0±0.15) 48%* 67% 43% 61% 68%# Neutral, heated (for 20 min, 100°C) 99%*× 97% 94%× 92% 97%#

Table 2: Inhibition of different Lactobacillus plantarum supernatants to growth of Clostridium difficile strains after 48 h. * p=0.01; # p=0.04; × p=0.001