| Outcome Measureb |
Baseline |
Pre-Intervention |
Post-Intervention |
Mean
Difference Pre-Post
(95% CI) |
Pc |
Effect Sizef |
| Mini-BESTest (max=32 pts) |
25.2 (4.3) |
25.1 (4.3) |
30.0 (2.3) |
4.9 (3.5–6.4) |
<0.0001d |
1.42 |
| Comfortable Gait Speed (m/s) |
0.9 (0.18) |
0.9 (0.16) |
1.1 (0.18) |
0.16 (0.10-0.21) |
<0.0001e |
1.2 |
| Fast Gait Speed (m/s) |
1.2 (0.27) |
1.2 (0.27) |
1.3 (0.28) |
0.16 (0.10-0.21) |
<0.0001e |
0.36 |
Timed Up & Go
(seconds) |
9.9 (1.9) |
10.0 (2.1) |
8.0 (1.7) |
1.9 (2.6-1.3) |
<0.0001e |
1.0 |
Strength
(0-5 rating scale) |
3.5 (0.90) |
3.7 (0.91) |
4.4 (0.50) |
0.8 (0.50-1.1) |
<0.0001e |
0.95 |
| Ankle ROM (degrees) |
32.8 (8.9) |
33.4 (8.5) |
40.1 (10.2) |
6.7 (3.3-10.0) |
0.001e |
0.71 |
| ABC Scale (max=100%) |
85.8 (18.2) |
85.9 (18.2) |
88.2 (16.2) |
2.3 (1.9-6.5) |
0 0.04 |
0.13 |
Mini-BESTest = Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test, ABC = activities specific balance confidence scale, ROM = range of motion
aValues expressed as mean (± standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated
bAll measures demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) effect for time (Baseline, Pre, Post) using repeated measures GLM or Freidman’s ANOVA (Mini-BESTest, ABC)
cP value for pair-wise comparison of Pre-Intervention and Post-intervention means
dSignificant difference between Pre-intervention and Post-intervention (p ≤ 0.02) for Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test
eSignificant difference between Pre and Post-intervention (p ≤ 0.02) for paired t- test
fCohen’s d for change between Pre and Post intervention measures |
