| Authors (Published years) |
The number of subjects |
Time after onset |
Severity of deficit in verve retrieval |
Material of observation |
Experimental condition |
Duration of treatment |
Outcome |
| Bonifasi et al. (2013) |
6 chronic aphasic patients |
≧ 1 year |
Mild to severe |
128 transitive (involving the use of objects, e.g. to comb, N.=103) and intransitive (not involving the use of objects, e.g. to dance, N.=25) videotaped actions |
1.observation of examiner
2.observation and execution
3.observation of video clips
4.observation and execution of meeningless movement |
4 daily sessions for 3 consecutive days over 2 weeks |
Improvement of verb retrieval was found with “observation of action”,“observation and execution” and “observation of action videoclips"in four patient with lexical phonologically based disturbances |
| Marangolo et al. (2012) |
7 chronic aphasic patients |
≧ 6 months |
NR |
115 human (N=78) and non human (N = 37) videotaped actions |
1.observing human actions
2.observing non human actions |
5 daily sessions over 2 consecutive weeks |
Improvement in verb retrieval was found only by observing videoclips of human actions which was still present 2 months after the treatment |
| Marangolo et al. (2010) |
6 chronic aphasic patients |
≧ 1 year |
Mild to severe |
128 transitive (N = 103, e.g. to bite, to comb) and intransitive (N=25, e.g. to dance) videotaped actions |
1. action observation
2. action observation and execution
3. action observation and meaningless movement |
3 daily sessions of 30–45 min each for 2 consecutive weeks |
Improvement of verb retrieval was found only with “action observation” and “action observation and execution” which was still present 2 months after the 2 treatments ended in 4 noufluent aphasic patients |
NR: Not Reported