| Authors (Published years) |
The number of subjects |
Disease |
Inclusion criteria |
Material of observation |
Duration of treatment |
Assessment of treatment |
Outcome |
| Pelosin et al. (2013) |
38 (10EG, 10CG, 8sham 10on/off) 14 normal control(7EG, 7CG) |
Parkinson's disease (Bradykinesia of finger movement) |
Hoehn & Yahr=1~3 MMSE≧24 |
watch a 6 min video of repetitive finger movements consisting of the opposition of thumb to index, medium, ring, and little fingers, paced at 3 Hz |
One session (6min) |
Spontaneous movement rate of self-paced finger movement, Kinematic parameters describing motor performance (intertapping interval and touch duration) |
Improvement of the spontaneous rate and reducing the intertapping interval to a larger extent in 45 minutes and 2 days after training. |
| Buccino et al. (2011) |
15 (7EG, 8CG) |
Parkinson's disease |
Hoehn & Yahr=1.5~4 18-75years MMSE≧24 no depression |
observe and subsequently execute, different daily actions presented through video clips |
NR |
UPDRS, FIM |
Improvement of UPDRS, FIM |
| Pelosin et al. (2010) |
20 (9EG, 9CG, 2 patients were excluded) |
Parkinson's disease (freezing of gait) |
Occurrence of freezing at least once a week (minimum score of 2 on item 3 of the FOG-Q, MMSE≧24 |
observe 6 video clips (each clip lasting 6 min showing strategies useful) in circumventing FOG episode (2 video clips/session) |
60 min/day (observation: 24min, practice: 36min, no imitation), 4 weeks (3 sessions/week) |
FOG-Q, FOG diary, TUG, 10M-WT, BBS, Tinetti Scale (partⅠ,Ⅱ), PDQ-39 |
FOG-Q was reduced in both groups. Reduction in the number of freezing of gait episodes at 4 weeks follow-up after end of training period in EG. |
EG: Experimental Group, CG: Control Group, FOG: Freezing Of Gait, FOG-Q: Freezing Of Gait Questionnaire, UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, TUG:
Timed UP And Go Test, 10M-WT: 10-Meter Walking Test, BBS: Berg Balance Scale, PDQ-39: 39-Item PD Questionnaire |
