Figure 4: NIRS wave-form at left SMC area (cerebral infarction 57 years old female with right hemiparesis) [38]. Increased cerebral blood flow in the sensory-motor cortex area on the injured side during EMG-controlled FES session compared to simple active movement or simple electrical stimulation in a NIRS study to non-invasively and dynamically measure hemoglobin levels in the brain during functional activity.(ECRL; extensor carpi radialis longs, VOL; voluntary movement, ES; electrical stimulation, FES; EMG-controlled FES).