Muscular groups (n) First trial Means of
two trials
Means of
three trials
ANOVA (F; p)
Non-paretic upper extremity
Hand grip (29)   26.41 ± 8.67  27.07 ± 8.57  26.99 ± 8.42 0.05; 0.95
Pulp-to-pulp pinch (29) 5.36 ± 1.76 5.40 ± 1.63 5.39 ± 1.56 <0.001; 1.00
Palmar pinch (29) 5.55 ± 1.77 5.59 ± 1.67 5.56 ± 1.59 0.01; 0.99
Lateral pinch (29) 6.66 ± 2.02 6.64 ± 1.92 6.54 ± 1.90 0.03; 0.97
Paretic upper extremity
Hand grip (25) 18.08 ± 7.45 17.80 ± 7.27 17.46 ± 7.02 0.05; 0.96
Pulp-to-pulp pinch (21) 3.21 ± 1,45 3.19 ± 1.24 3.17 ± 1.23 0.01; 1.00
Palmar pinch (19) 3.53 ± 1.38 3.46 ± 1.20 3.46 ± 1.17 0.02; 0.98
Lateral pinch (23) 4.54 ± 1.68 4.57 ± 1.68 4.54 ± 1.68 <0.001; 1.00
Trunk
Anterior trunk flexors (33) 11.58 ± 4.47 11.38 ± 4.46 11.38 ± 4.49 0.02; 0.98
Trunk extensors (34) 14.69 ± 5.54 14.80 ± 5.58 14.75 ± 5.61 <0.001; 0.99
Right lateral trunk flexors (34) 9.77 ± 3.71 9.69 ± 3.70 9.67 ± 3.77 <0.001; 0.99
Left lateral trunk flexors (34) 10.24 ± 3.87 10.18 ± 3.90 10.10 ± 3.85 0.01; 0.99
Right trunk rotators (33) 8.59 ± 3.32 8.60 ± 3.43 8.61 ± 3.40 <0.001; 0.99
Left trunk rotators (33) 7.83 ± 3.25 8.18 ± 3.35 8.25 ± 3.37 0.15; 0.85
SD: Standard deviation
Table 2: Descriptive data (means ± SD) and ANOVA results regarding the comparisons between the various sources of outcome values for strength assessment of both the non-paretic and paretic upper extremities and trunk with portable dynamometry (kgf).