Alternative myofascial pain Therapies N (%)
Non-invasive Treatments:
•SSRI or SNRIs
•Muscle relaxants (including cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, tizanidine, metaxalone)
•GABA analogues (pregabalin, neurontin)
•NSAIDs (ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naprosyn, diclofenac, meloxicam, ketoprofen, rofecoxib, nabumetone, celecoxib)
•Opiate-derivatives
•Topical non-narcotic analgesic patches (lidoderm, diclofenac)
33 (45%)
33 (45%)
23 (21%)
22 (29%)
22 (29%)
14 (19%)
Invasive Treatments:
Botulism derivatives (rimabotulilnumtoxinBonabotulinumtoxin A,
•abobotulinumtoxin A-Dysport)
•Trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
•Steroid injections (intraarticular and epidural)
•Surgical intervention
•Acupuncture
11 (15%)
4 (5%)
13 (18%)
17 (23%)
1 (1%)
Summary of study patients’ alternative chronic myofascial pain treatment modalities, divided into Invasive and non-invasive measures and further subdivided into distinct classes of treatments
Table 3: Alternative myofascial pain Therapies.