| Phase | Factors | Reference | 
      
        | Pre-operative | Chemotherapy | Parquin1996 [6] | 
      
        |  | Radiation | Parquin1996 [6] | 
      
        |  | Alcohol abuse | Licker2003 [7] | 
      
        |  | Pulmonary fibrosis | Chida2008 [8] | 
      
        | Intra-operative | Pneumonectomy | Licker2003 [7] | 
      
        |  | Rt. pneumonectomy (as compared with lt.) | Nohl-Oser1972 [9] | 
      
        |  | Intraoperative fluid overload  (> 2L) | Parquin1996 [6] | 
      
        |  | High tidal volume / pressure during OLV | Jeon2009 [10] | 
      
        |  | High insp. oxygen fraction | Grocott2008 [11] | 
      
        | Post-operative | Perioperative fluid balance    (< 1.5L) | Evans2012 [12] | 
      
        |  | Remaining lung perfusion    (<55%) | Parquin1996 [6] |