|   | 
        No Thoracenteses n=93 | 
        Thoracenteses n=11 | 
       
      
        | Participant Characteristics | 
          | 
          | 
       
      
        | Age in years, mean ( SD) | 
        73.2 (16.6) | 
        68.4 (15.9) | 
       
      
        | Female gender, n (%) | 
        51 (55) | 
        7 (64) | 
       
      
        | Nonwhite race, n (%) | 
        20 (22) | 
        2 (18) | 
       
      
        | BMI>30, n (%) | 
        21 (24) | 
        2 (20) | 
       
      
        | APACHE II, mean ( SD) | 
        11.1 (5.5) | 
        10.9 (3.7) | 
       
      
        | Admission Reason, n (%) | 
          | 
          | 
       
      
        | Cardiac disease | 
        32 (34) | 
        3 (27) | 
       
      
        | Pulmonary disease | 
        24 (26) | 
        5 (45) | 
       
      
        | Malignancy | 
        8 (9) | 
        2 (18) | 
       
      
        | Kidney disease | 
        7 (8) | 
        0 (0) | 
       
      
        | Other | 
        14 (23) | 
        1 (9) | 
       
      
        | Medical Comorbidities, n (%) | 
          | 
          | 
       
      
        | Cardiac disease | 
        75 (81) | 
        9 (82) | 
       
      
        | Pulmonary disease | 
        33 (35) | 
        2 (18) | 
       
      
        | Malignancy | 
        32 (34) | 
        4 (36) | 
       
      
        | Kidney disease | 
        28 (30) | 
        1 (9) | 
       
      
        | 30 Day Mortality, n (%) | 
        15 (16) | 
        1 (9) | 
       
      
        | 12 Month Mortality, n (%) | 
        29 (31) | 
        4 (36) | 
       
     
    APACHE II-Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation |