Circumferential cicatricial scarring.
Abundant scar tissue greater than 1 cm in vertical dimension.
Scar tissue in the interarytenoid area of the posterior commissure.
Severe bacterial infection of the trachea after tracheotomy.
Exposure of perichondrium or cartilage during CO2 excision.
Combined laryngotracheal stenosis.
Failure of previous endoscopic procedures.
Significant loss of cartilaginous framework
Systemic problems |
|
