| Cell type |
Protocol
Duration |
Phase I - Endoderm induction factors |
Phase II - Hepatic induction factors |
Phase III - Hepatic maturation factors |
Reference |
| iPSCs |
12 days |
Day 1-3;
activin A (100 ng/mL),
Wnt 3a (50 ng/mL), HGF (10 ng/mL). |
Day 4-7; L-glutamine (1 mM), NAA (1%), 2-Mercaptoethanol (0.1 mM), DMSO (1%). |
Day 8-12;
OSM (20 ng/mL),
Dexamethasone (0.5 μM), ITS premix (50 mg/mL). |
Chen et al. [49] |
| iPSCs |
25 days |
Day 1-3;
CHIR99021 (3 μM),
Ly294002 (10 μM),
Activin (100 ng/ml),
FGF2 (40 ng/ml),
BMP4 (10 ng/ml). |
Day 4-8;
Activin A (100 ng/ml), FGF2 (40 ng/ml),
and B27. |
Day 9-25;
HGF (20 μg/ml),
OSM (10 μg/ml). |
Rashid et al. [36] |
| hESCs |
20 days |
Day 1-5;
Activin (100 ng/mL),
FGF2 (20 ng/mL),
BMP4 (10 ng/mL),
LY294003 (10 μM). |
Day 6-10;
FGF10 (50 ng/mL), Retinoic acid (10 7 M), SB431542 (10 μM). |
Day 11-20;
FGF4 30 ng/ml,
HGF 50 ng/mL,
EGF 50 ng/Ml. |
Touboul et al. [46] |
| hESCs |
18 days |
Day 1-3;
Activin A (100 ng/ml), ITS (1%). |
Day 4-8;
FGF4 (30 ng/ml),
BMP2 (20 ng/ml). |
Day 9-18; HGF (20 ng/ml) for 5 days, subsequently OSM (10 ng/ml),
dexamethasone (0.1 μM). |
Cai et al.[41] |
| hESCs |
14 days |
Day 1-3;
Activin A (100ng/mL),
FGF-2 (100ng/ml). |
Day 4-11; 10% FBS or KSR, NAA (1 mM) L-glutamine, 1% DMSO, HGF (100 ng/mL). |
Day 11-14; 10% FBS or KSR, NAA (1 mM),
L-glutamine, dexamethasone (10−7 M). |
Basma et al. [42] |
| hESCs or iPSCs |
21 days |
Day 1-4;
Activin-A (100 ng/ml),
b-FGF (8 ng/ml),
Wnt-3A (25 ng/ ml). |
Day 5- 10;
FGF-10 (50 ng/ml),
Retinoic acid (0.1 mM),
SB431542 (1 mM). |
Day 11-21;
FGF-4 (30 ng/ml),
EGF (50 ng/ml),
HGF (50 ng/ml). |
Wu et al.[75] |
HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; NAA: non-essential amino acids; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; OSM: Oncostatin M; ITS: insulin-transferrin-selenium; FGF: fibroblast growth
factor; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; EGF: epidermal growth factor; FBS: fetal bovine serum; KSR: knockout serum