Subjects: total (n); (n) experimental, (n) control
Experimental intervention
Total yoga (hours)
Control Intervention
Time of long-term follow-up measurements (if applicable)
Pain outcome measure
Functional Disability outcome measure
Cox (2010) [20]
20; 10 yoga, 10 control
12 weeks, 75 min/week
15
Written advice
N/A
Aberdeen back pain scale
RMDQ 24 point
Galantino (2004) [19]
22; 11 yoga, 11 control
6 weeks, 120 min/week
12
No treatment
ODI
Saper (2009) [15]
30; 15 yoga, 15 control
Educational book, routine medical care
14 weeks
0-10 pain scale
Modified RMDQ (23 item)
Sherman (2005) [17]
101; 36 yoga, 30 book, 35 exercise
12 weeks, 75min/week
1 group self care book; 1 group exercise
0-10 “bothersomeness” of pain scale
Tekur (2008) [16]
80; 40 yoga, 40 control
1 week intensive, 2 hours physical yoga practice/day
14
Conventional exercise
ODI section 1
Williams K (2009) [14]
90; 43 yoga, 47 control
24 weeks, 180 min/week
72
Standard medical care
24 weeks
VAS
Williams KA (2005) [18]
60; 30 yoga, 30 control
16 weeks, 90min/week
24
Educational pamphlets
12 weeks
PDI
