Treated with pioglitazone Treated without pioglitazone P N 720 746   Age, y (average) 65.2 64.3 NS Sex (male/female) 504/216 495/251 NS Occurrence of bladder cancer 15 14 NS Antidiabetic drugs        Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog 4 3 NS Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 150 129 NS  Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) 385 238 <0.001 Biguanides 391 215 <0.001  Prandial glucose regulators 133 67 <0.001 Sulphonylureas (Second generation) 139 99 0.0126 Sulphonylureas (Third generation)) 206 170 0.002  Insulin 164 273 <0.001

Table 1: Patients’characteristics. There are no differences in age, sex, and incidence of bladder cancer between patients treated with pioglitazone and patients treated with other antidiabetic drugs.