Abstracts from Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Open Access

Enoxaparin Dosing Requirements and Anti-Xa Monitoring in Specialty Patient Populations: A Case Series of Pediatric; Renal-Impaired; Extremes of Body Weight; and Pregnant Patients

The use of enoxaparin in specialty populations has been excluded from clinical trials, including those with renal dysfunction, extremeness of body weight, pregnant patients, and pediatric patients. Much of the data of enoxaparin in these patients is derived from pharmacokinetics. Monitoring anti-factor Xa activity (Anti-Xa) to m.. Read More

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Possible Benefits of Direct Oral Anticoagulants for the Electrophysiological Substrate Properties of Atrial Fibrillation: Can these New Agents have Antiatrial Fibrillation Actions?

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and is associated with thromboembolic events. Previous studies also have shown a close relationship between AF and heart failure, and heart failure can be one of the most important risk factors for AF. Therefore, heart failure animal models have been estab.. Read More

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Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibition does not Protect the Myocardium from Acute Ischemic Reperfusion Injury but Modulates Post- Ischemic Mitochondrial Function

Background: The Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 (SGLT2)-inhibitor, empagliflozin, reduces death from cardiovascular causes. We hypothesized that the mechanism involved direct protection against Ischemia- Reperfusion (IR) injury and improved post-ischemic mitochondrial function. Methods: We examined infarct size (series I) and mito.. Read More

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Effects of Rotigaptide and RIC on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in the In Vitro Rabbit Heart

Background: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (rIPC) and the antiarrhythmic peptide analogue, Rotigaptide (ZP123), protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through potentially similar mechanisms. We aimed to study whether the cardioprotective effects of Rotigaptide and rIPC interacts. Methods: We used male New Zeala.. Read More

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Plasma sFlt-1 Fluctuations in Response to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment

Background: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vasoconstriction and remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries, which result in increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) and right ventricular overload. In the present study, we measured plasma fluctuations of nine proteins, involved in inflammation or tyro.. Read More

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Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge and Counseling Practice on Warfarin Therapy at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Warfarin has been the mainstay oral anticoagulant agent for the last several decades despite its narrow therapeutic index. It is critical for health professionals to have better knowledge and understanding on oral anticoagulant management and on how to give counseling for patients on this therapy. This study assessed.. Read More

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Reducing Cardiac Fibrosis: Na/K-ATPase Signaling Complex as a Novel Target

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process in cardiac disease and may lead to heart failure. It can also cause sudden death even in those without cardiac symptoms. Tissue fibrosis can be categorized into two categories: replacement fibrosis (also called reparative fibrosis) and reactive fibrosis. In replacement fibrosis, .. Read More

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Effect of Vildagliptin, Compared to Sitagliptin, on the Onset of Hyperglycemia-Induced Metabolic Memory in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Background: Metabolic memory, the long-term effect of poor glycemic control in the initial stages of diabetes, leads to vascular complications that negatively affect patients’ outcome. As oxidative stress plays a major role in metabolic memory onset, the use of drugs with antioxidant properties may be clinically beneficial.. Read More

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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia: Case Report and Review of Literature

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare disorder, which manifests as acute onset thrombocytopenia within five to fifteen days after exposure to heparin. The milder version of the disease may manifest as asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, which resolves with cessation of heparin. The more severe form presents with arterial a.. Read More

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Rapid Resolution of Coronary Artery Spasm Complicated by Acute Systolic Heart Failure with Antirejection Therapy in Acute Orthotopic Heart Transplant Rejection

We report a case of rapid resolution of Coronary Artery Spasm (CAS) and improvement of systolic heart failure by antirejection therapy with methylprednisolone in the setting of acute Orthotopic Heart Transplant (OHT) rejection. The proposed mechanism of action is reduced microvascular inflammation from steroid therapy resulting .. Read More

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Laparoscopic Sleeve Gasterectomy Reduces Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk in Obese Patients

Obesity is associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and high cardiovascular risk as well as inflammation. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment of obesity and cardiovascular risk reduction. The aim of this research was to evaluate the Laparoscopic Sleeve Gasterectomy (LSG) effect on cardiometabolic risk factors, pro.. Read More

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Comparing the Use of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in Shock Treatment

Background: The vasopressor agents, such as norepinephrine and dopamine have been endorsed as the standard choice for shock treatment. However, there is controversy regarding the use of vasopressor agents for shock treatment. Considering the use of norepinephrine over dopamine, the present study aimed at assessing the reas.. Read More

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Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Heart Failure: How Effective is Current Pharmacologic Therapy?

Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of death in the early stages of heart failure. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies substantially reduce sudden cardiac death but incur morbidity and are expensive, so are recommended only after failure of optimal medical therapy. Guidelines recommend simultaneous first-l.. Read More

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Effect of Subtotal Renal Nephrectomy on CYP450-Mediated Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid: A Potential Player in Pathogenesis of Renocardiac Syndrome?

Background/Aims: Cardiovascular events are common in patients with renocardiac syndrome. A direct link between endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular events has not been established for this syndrome; however, a causal role could be attributed to modulations of Cytochrome P450-mediated (CYP450) eicosanoid metabolit.. Read More

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β2-Adrenoceptors Antiarrhythmic Effects in Wild Type Mice Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet

The systematic intake of an unbalanced diet is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in the entire world. Most of the studies address this issue using genetically manipulated mice. This study aims to investigate the effect of the intake of a cholesterol-enriched diet on cardiac and hemo.. Read More

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The Probability of Inconstancy in Assessment of Cardiac Function Post- Myocardial Infarction in Mice

In the present study, we explore the inherent variability that leads to overlaps in cardiac functional parameters between control and post-myocardial infarction (MI) mice. Heart failure was induced by Left Coronary Artery (LCA) ligation in mice. Average Ejection Fraction (EF) measured by echocardiography was lower in MI mice com.. Read More

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Switching of Ticagrelor to Clopidogrel at 3 Months in Patients Treated for Acute Coronary Syndrome; Single Centre Experience

Objective: ESC guidelines recommend Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and ticagrelor for 12 months following Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). We aimed to assess the safety of switching DAPT with aspirin and ticagrelor to aspirin and clopidogrel after 3 months in patients following NSTEMI, with the ma.. Read More

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Atropine-Induced Bigeminy by Treating Bradycardia-Dependent Ectopy

We report the case of a 9-year-old healthy boy who underwent day-surgery herniotomy under combined general and regional anesthesia. After inhalational induction, borderline bradycardia with Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) was observed in ECG tracing, which worsened despite the adequate anesthetic management to avoid an.. Read More

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Biased Agonism of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy of Cardiovascular Diseases

G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are a family of seven transmembrane receptors, and are major targets of current clinical drugs. Many GPCRs have been successfully targeted by specific drugs which are classified as agonists or antagonists. Classically, the GPCR signal pathways are considered to be regulated by heterotrimeric G.. Read More

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Effects of JNJ-54452840, an Anti-β1 Receptor Antibody Cyclopeptide in Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Phase-2 Pilot Study

Aim: JNJ-54452840 (COR-1) is a novel investigational cyclopeptide with proposed mechanism of action that decreases circulating anti-β1-adrenergic receptor antibodies (anti-β1-Abs) in heart failure patients. In a phase-2, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, effects of JNJ-54452840 were investigated on car.. Read More

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