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Background: People living with HIV might be at an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 disease, especially those with comorbidity, lower CD4+ count, or high HIV RNA load, however, the impact of HIV on COVID-19 course remains a matter for debate. In this report we aim to study patients with HIV/COVID-19 coinf.. Read More
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Evaluating the Immunity to Tetanus in Adults with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Background: Tetanus is a worldwide preventable disease with vaccination having an incidence of approximately one million, which causes mortality especially in neonates in developing countries and in individuals over 60 years old in developed countries. The disease particularly affects unvaccinated people or those with an incompl.. Read More
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Earlier purpose: To evaluate the antivirals casual effects in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, focusing on recovery, the need for home oxygen therapy on discharge and in-hospital mortality. Methods: A retrospective study of the admitted COVID-19 patients, the outcomes assessed were effect-difference between antivirals and co.. Read More
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SARS-Cov-2 Breakthrough Infections in Fully Vaccinated Individuals in a University Setting
Study background: The SARS CoV2 pandemic has led to many severe infections and deaths. With the development of vaccines, we are now seeing declining numbers of infections. However, individuals that get fully vaccinated may still experience a breakthrough infection. Are these infections clinically significant? Methods: This stud.. Read More
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Previous studies based on simulations and mock-up experiments have reported the concentrations of fine particles and bacteria in ORs. However, the generation characteristics of fine particles and bacteria during actual surgery and their concentrations in ORs are not known. We identified the generation characteristics of airborne.. Read More
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The Role of SARS-Cov-2 Antibody Testing; Current and Future Applications
SARS-CoV-2 which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still challenging health care systems and governments all over the world. Although molecular testing remains the most reliable laboratory method available for establishing active infection, serological tests can identify past infection and measure immune response in vacci.. Read More
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Cell Entry Inhibitor with Sulfonated Colloid Gold as New Potent Broad-Spectrum Virucides
Nontoxic drugs that irreversibly inhibit viruses (virucidal) are postulated to be ideal on this pandemic era against respiratory viral spreading. Unfortunately, all virucidal molecules described to date are cytotoxic. We recently developed nontoxic, broad-spectrum virucidal gold nanoparticles, less than 10 nm sized modified with.. Read More
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Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections have few treatment options in modern medicine. Nevertheless, according to the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America clindamycin is an option in managing this issue in outpatient clinics. The present report describes the ca.. Read More
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva Using Tailed Amplicon Sequencing
The most recent virus from the Coronaviridae family infecting humans, SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic. As part of the surveillance efforts, SARS-CoV-2 genomes are increasingly being made publicly available. Methods that include both short- and long-read sequencing have been used to elucidate SARS-CoV-2 genomes; how.. Read More
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Nutrition is Associated with COVID-19 Incidence, Severity, and Mortality
Earlier research has reported that proper nutrition is critical for reducing infectious disease morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition is very common in COVID-19 populations (up to 85.8% reported-with many studies over 50%) and is associated with significantly higher levels of COVID-19 infection, severity, and death. Low serum al.. Read More
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Recurrent TB Disease in Singapore: A Retrospective Case Control Study
Background: Previously treated Tuberculosis (TB) cases account for ~7%-8% of incident TB globally and in Singapore. Molecular fingerprinting has enabled the differentiation of these patients into relapsed or re-infection cases. Methods: Patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment information were obtained f.. Read More
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Diagnostic Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis of Abdominal Tuberculosis
Background: Abdominal tuberculosis presents with vague symptoms and marked by a delay in establishing a diagnosis. Present study was done to compare the utility of Computerised Tomography abdomen with diagnostic laparoscopy in the diagnostic algorithm of Abdominal Tuberculosis. Method: This study enrolled 25 patients who underw.. Read More
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Spontaneous Pneumothorax as a Complication of COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our understanding of the clinical spectrum of disease continues to evolve, with increased reports of multi-organ complications. Spontaneous pneumothorax has emerged as a concerning complication in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. .. Read More
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Infectious Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm after Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Instillation Therapy
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation therapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor is considered as the most effective treatment for prophylaxis against the recurrence of high-risk, non-muscle bladder cancer. However, intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation therapy has some character.. Read More
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Objective: The study was performed for a comparative analysis between primers from Japan’s and US’s disease control centers as well as to investigate the virus sequence alignment with primers’ oligonucleotide to introduce primer sets of high detectability with reduce false negative results. Design or methods: .. Read More
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Assessing the Lockdown Effect from Excess Mortalities
Background and Aims: The reported case numbers of COVID-19 are often used to estimate the reproduction number or the growth rate. We use the excess mortality instead, showing the difference between most restrictive non-pharmaceutical interventions (mrNPIs) and less restrictive NPIs (lrNPIs) with respect to the growth rate and de.. Read More
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COVID-19: Spleen Involvement or Coincidence
A 62-year-old man presented a history of fever, cough, left thoracic pain, left hypochondrium discomfort, asthenia and anorexia for the past week. He had lost 6 Kg in the past month. His TAP CT revealed extensive densification of the left lung lower lobe and a spleen enlargement of 22 cm in its longitudinal axis. He presented an.. Read More
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The years-long pandemic of Covid-19 is expected to continue to affect many parts of the world as a disaster. Professionals working in infectious disease control will also have to serve as disaster relief workers, and there is concern that adverse health effects would occur. The author, a psychiatrist, reported on the course of a.. Read More
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Biological Variability of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Nasopharyngeal Swab Test
We studied the variability among viral target Cycle Thresholds (Cts) of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR collected with conventional and 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs from separate nostrils at the same time by the same investigator. There was far greater variation in the viral copy number than could be explained by the amount of material col.. Read More
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Immunostimulation Pathways of Extracellular Nucleosomes
Circulating nucleosomes released from dying or damaged cells have been observed to be associated with in-flammation and autoimmune diseases, indicating that extracellular nucleosomes have immunostimulation. Early studies have demonstrated that extracellular nucleosomes can induce immune responses in a TLR9-dependent mechanism. A.. Read More
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