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Adult Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Associated with a Falsely Positive HIV Elisa Test
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute disorder of the central nervous system that follows an infection or vaccination. It is a non-vasculitic inflammatory condition resulting in perivascular edema, inflammation, and demyelination that bears resemblance to multiple sclerosis. The diagnosis of ADEM can be challen.. Read More
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Nipah Virus Infection in Thailand: Status
Dear Editor, the Nipah virus is an important emerging infectious disease that is still included in the list of disease to be surveillance by WHO. The neurological involvement in Nipah virus infection is an important clinical manifestation... Read More
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Large numbers of senile plaques are thought to be characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but these deposits are also a by-product of normal senescence. In AD and normal brains, senile plaques are primarily composed of amyloid-ß peptides (Aß P) with aluminum (Al). Evidence suggests the oligomerization of A.. Read More
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Sandfly Virus Encephalitis in Israel: Two Case Reports and a Review
Background: Infections due to Sand-fly virus (SFV) are common in the Mediterranean region, but are rarely diagnosed in Israel. Until recently, no cases of severe neuro-invasive SFV infections were reported. In this study, we describe two cases of encephalitis associated with seroconversion to SFV acquired in Israel. We further t.. Read More
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Perspective: Role of Autophagy in Neuroprotective Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicines
Autophagy is an essential degradation process that sequesters and transfers the idle cytoplasmic materials to the lysosome for digestion and recyclation via the formation of autolysosome . Although both autophagy-lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasomal pathways are the two principal pathways for cellular protein degradation... Read More
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Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in the Fourth Ventricle
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a highly malignant and infrequent tumor, is rarely found within the fourth ventricle. Here we report a case of isolated lymphoma within the fourth ventricle: a 61-year-old male presented with headache, mental disorder, abnormal gait and urinary incontinence. Based on the clinical .. Read More
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Nicotine and Alzheimers Disease: Mechanism for How the Fog of Smoke Increases the Fog of Dementia
Nicotine has been known to make Alzheimer’s disease worse. We point out a likely mechanism for this occurrence. Spirochetal organisms have been found and cultured from the brains of Alzheimer s patients. These have been shown to make biofilms, and the biofilms have been shown to activate the innate immune system.. Read More
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Depression, Anxiety, and Hopelessness in Patients with Chikungunya Fever in Brazil
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus found worldwide that is now, with a very large outbreak mostly in the northeast of the country, an emerging disease in Brazil. This study consisted of a series of 18 females and two male patients, with ages ranging from 31 to 87 years and a mean age of 54. The patients presented anxiety.. Read More
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Nitrergic Myenteric Neurons are Spared in Experimental Chagasic Megacolon
Chagas disease is a chronic disorder caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan. The infection causes alterations to the enteric nervous system such as megaesophagus and megacolon. There is evidence of denervation of myenteric ganglia. The intense parasitism of acute phase affects neuronal integrity but contrasts with the absence.. Read More
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Neurotoxocariais: A Rare or Neglected Disease?
Human toxocariasis is due to the larval stages of the Ascarids Toxocara canis (T. canis ) and probably Toxocara catis , common roundworm of dogs and cats respectively. Among the helminthiasis, toxocariasis is one of the most prevalent worldwide, especially in settings where man-soil-dog relationship is particularly close. Even i.. Read More
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Background: Encephalitis, despite being an uncommon entity, is of public health importance worldwide because of its high morbidity and mortality. Around 70% of the disease burden is in Uttar Pradesh itself. Purpose of study: To study the etiological prevalence and outcome of different viruses as causative agent of acute viral e.. Read More
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Exploring Serologic Indicators for Laboratory Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Neurosyphilis
Background: Diagnosis of asymptomatic neurosyphilis (NS) has been challenging. The gold standard for NS diagnosis relies on venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test of cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). The aim of this study was to examine criteria for lumbar puncture and CSF examinations in asymptomatic NS patients. Methods: .. Read More
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children Improves Motor Activity
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new interventional tool used in the study of neuronal activity and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique of stimulating the brain employing magnetic pulses. Recent research has demonstrated the efficacy of rTMS in facilitating motor func.. Read More
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Risk of Reactivation of Latent HBV Hepatitis in Patients Under Neurosurgical Treatment
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a risk in the 350 million HBV carriers worldwide. HBV reactivation may cause hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and fulminant hepatitis, and HBV reactivation accompanied with malignant tumor and/or chemotherapy is a critical problem for the patients with chronic HBV infection. In addi.. Read More
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This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Triptolide (T10) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with T10 and subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. Neurological deficits and infarct volume wer.. Read More
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How Do Viruses Really Cause Neuropathology?: Is There More to the Story
Our work has focused over the years on Primate Erythroparvovirus 1 [more commonly known as parvovirus B19 (B19)]. B19 is a human pathogen that is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, the common rash disease of childhood. In addition to several other human diseases, B19 has also been associated with multiple brain disease.. Read More
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Primate Erythroparvovirus 1 (Parvovirus B19): An Etiologic Agent of Ataxia and Cerebellar Disease?
Ataxia, a gross lack of motor control, is symptomatic of broader neurological disorder, typically of the cerebellum. A few case reports have documented the association of primate erythroparvovirus 1 [more commonly known as human parvovirus B19 (B19)] with ataxia. Parvoviruses are small DNA viruses that infect many different spec.. Read More
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Unusual Pyogenic Meningitis Masquerading as Leukodystrophy
Meningitis is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric age-group with pyogenic cases outnumbering other etiologies especially in the Indian subcontinent. Though the diagnosis of meningitis is usually made on clinical and CSF examination yet imaging is often required to rule out focal lesions, hydrocephalus and ot.. Read More
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Aging with HIV has been associated with a higher frequency of neurocognitive disorders. The auditory evoked potentials P300 evaluate cognitive function. In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed the auditory cognition of elderly living with HIV through P300. We compared 34 HIV-infected elderly undergoing regular treatment to 76 HI.. Read More
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HMGB1-TLR Signaling in Rasmussens Encephalitis
Rasmussen’s encephalitis is neurological disorder of childhood characterized by uni-hemispheric inflammation, intractable focal epilepsy and progressive cognitive and neurological deficits. Currently, the pathogenesis of Rasmussen’s encephalitis is still enigmatic and hemispherectomy is the only effective method to c.. Read More
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