Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

There has been a rise in the use of cardiac pacemakers and an associated increase in the number of devicerelated infections. Although Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common causes of these infections, rapidly-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria have occasionally been implicated. We report three cases managed at our institution and review 11 cases found in the literature. Most patients underwent device removal and were managed with more than one antibiotic for at least 4 weeks. All but one patient achieved cure. It is important to recognize these organisms as potential etiologies of pacemaker infections and to request special culture media and stains. Furthermore, antibiotic choice should be guided by susceptibility reports and, at least initially, more than one antibiotic is recommended

In the present report, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Piper nigrum extract for in vitro cytotoxicity efficacy against MCF-7 and Hep-2 cells. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were formed within 20 minutes and preliminarily confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy. Further, it was characterized by FT-IR and HR-TEM. The UVVisible analysis showed the strong broad peak located at 441 nm observed for Ag nanoparticles. TEM images of biosynthesized AgNPs pre-dominantly spherical shape with particle size in the range 20 nm. MTT assays were carried out using various concentrations of silver nanoparticles and Piper nigrum extract ranging from 10 to 100μg/ml. At various concentrations, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed a significant cytotoxic effect against both MCF-7 and Hep-2 cells compared to Piper nigrum extract. Therefore, the results reveal excellent applications of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Piper nigrum

Objective: Human bocavirus is responsible for respiratory as well as in gastroenteritis illness in several countries including India. This study was aimed to characterize the Human bocavirus in North Indian children suffering with acute gastroenteritis.

Methods: A total of 234 diarrheal stool specimens from the children under the age of 15 years were collected and screened for the presence of Human bocavirus by polymerase chain reaction targeting NS1 and VP1/2 gene followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Student’s t test was performed for statistical analysis of quantitative clinical data.

Results: Total 7 (3%) samples were positive for Human bocavirus including bocavirus1 (n=4, 1.7%) and bocavirus2 (n=3, 1.3%). Median age of bocavirus positive children was 8 months (mean ± SD; 24.14 ± 27.58 months). Age, duration of diarrhea and episodes of diarrhea were the significant clinical factors (p values 0.0486, 0.0015 and 0.0282 respectively) for bocavirus infection. Interestingly, male were dominated than females (6:1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Indian bocavirus sequence has similarity with China strains.

Conclusion: Detection of two bocavirus species in gastroenteritis from North India supports global presence of bocavirus. The outcome of the study facilitates more detailed studies of bocavirus infection, its prevalence and disease association in Indian population.

Background: This study aim was to determine the probable type of β-lactamase gene which is responsible for resistance. It was found that OXA (701 bp) was the main type of β-lactamase (35.7%), CTX-M (569 bp) was second (28.9%), TEM (403 bp) was third (20.5%) and SHV (293 bp) (14.9%) was fourth. The aim and objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of ESBLs producing in these bacteria isolated from uropathogenic out-patients and to look for the presence of TEM or SHV, CTX and OXA genes in E. coli. Results: The present study was carried out from the Central Laboratory of Riyadh Hospital in Saudi Arabia from January 2014 to June 2015. Total 116 urine samples were tested bacteriologically and for antibiotic susceptibility using standard procedures, Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and determination of the genotype of β- lactamase of 75 E. coli isolates by PCR: It was found that OXA (701 bp) was the main type of β-lactamase (35.7%), CTX-M (569 bp) was second (28.9%), TEM (403 bp) was third (20.5%) and SHV (293 bp) (14.9%) was fourth. Conclusions: This study showed that the ESBL producing isolates detected PCR with oligonucleotide primers of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M and OXA genes and were carried out on E. coli DNA of 75 isolates. PCR, incorporating the primers for commonly prevalent ESBLs may be a valuable clinical and research tool for characterization of ESBLs