Journal of Health Education Research & Development

Background: Simulation has been widely adopted as a training and assessment tool in medical education. The aim of our research was to investigate an influence of hybrid simulation on the students’ success at bladder catheterization (BC) procedure, on the knowledge retention and communication with patient-actors. We were interested in the impact of BC protocol repetition and real life clinical experience of BC on the result of BC procedure on the model as well as hybrid model. We also wanted to determine students' opinion about the usefulness of learning by simulation.
Methods: Repeated measures design was used. 28 students were trained during the workshop to perform BC procedure on the different model and assessed by an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). They were randomly divided into 2 groups (control group: model of the body part (manikin) and research group: hybrid simulator model (HSM)). The first OSCE was done 6 weeks and the second OSCE 12 weeks after training. Students completed questionnaires on learning by simulation.
Results: Students performed statistically significantly better at OSCE 2 independent of simulation environment (p<0.001 for male HSM and p=0.023 for female HSM in research group, p<0.001 for male manikin, p=0.014 for female manikin in control group). Research group students have better results than control group but the difference was not statistically significant. Communication errors were less common within research group, especially at OSCE 1. Students assessed hybrid simulation as more useful (p=0.022) than a regular manikin model simulation.
Conclusions: HSM provides medical students with quality learning of BC procedure. Hybrid simulation improves communication with patient-actor and students perceive it as useful.

With an example of truck refrigerant filling process, an experimental method by E-prime was used to verify the analysis of human error probability in the refrigerant filling process by The Technique of Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP). The result of the experiment is basically in coincidence with the result of THERP. The weakness of THERP is that it calculates the human error, ignoring the cognitive process of the operation behavior.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the oral health related awareness and practicesof diabetes mellitus and its effects on oral health in anganwadi workers.
Study design: It is an interventional type of study.
Materials and methods: 200 anganwadi workers from the areas of Hingna, Wanadongri, Gumgaon and Wadhdhamna in Nagpur district and 30 interns participated in the study. In the first part, all the interns were trained for a module that contained what are diabetes, aetiology, signs and symptoms of diabetes, complications, management and prevention of diabetes mellitus in Marathi language. In second part to know the awareness of diabetes, a pre-test was conducted and a validated questionnaire was distributed to the participant. Following this the interns educated the Aganwadi workers regarding diabetes through this module for 30 minutes and also information leaflets were distributed to the participants. In third part post -test was conducted for the participant. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results of the study.
Results: The knowledge of the participants was assessed using 16 questions related to diagnosis, risk factors, prevention and complications of diabetes and its relationship with oral health. Out of the total 100 participants, the pre-test showed an average of 36 participants to be aware about diabetes and the post test showed an average of 77 participants to have improved their knowledge.
Conclusion: Awareness and education programs should be planned and conducted for anganwadi workers according to community needs.

Context: Although telomeres are “sacrificial” DNA without any necessary genetic content, each time a cell divides, telomeres get shorter. When they decrease to a critical length, cell division ceases and cells becomes inactive or “senescent” or die. This process is associated with aging. To some extent, the process of telomere shortening is slowed by the enzyme telomerase, whose purpose it is to add telomere length to DNA. Certain nutraceuticals have been shown to activate telomerase, and extend telomere length. While this will not make cells immortal, it may extend their lifespan.
Objectives: The study intended to examine the effectiveness of a multivitamin formulated to extend telomere length, and ascertain the viability of conducting a larger, randomized, controlled trial in the future.
Design: The study a 90-day, open-label pilot.
Participants: Generally healthy men and women older than 18 years.
Intervention: All subjects received a 90-day supply of the multivitamin, and were instructed to take one table, three times daily with meals.
Outcome measures: The endpoint was absolute telomere length, measured with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method, using a DNA sample from a buccal (inner-cheek) swab of each subject.
Results: 10 subjects completed the protocol. 8 of the 10 had notable increases in telomere length. The mean increase in telomere length for all subjects was 55.86%.
Conclusions: The current pilot trial demonstrated the efficacy of the multivitamin in lengthening the telomeres. These findings suggest that is worthwhile to conduct a larger, randomized, controlled trial to measure the telomere lengthening effects of the multivitamin formula.

Introduction: Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) are the most severely affected. Shisha has been shown to be associated with a wide range of detrimental health effects.
Objectives: Measure the prevalence of shisha smoking among medical students at College of Medicine and College of Dentistry-Baghdad University; identify the characteristics of Shisha smokers that have numerous public health and clinical implications.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 654 students. A questionnaire was used to gather the necessary information and filled by the study participants themselves. It included questions to gather information on certain socio–demographic variables, family of the participants, and believes about smoking. Information about shisha smoking, medical history and habits of the participants and their parents were gathered.
Results: The Prevalence of shisha smoking was 12.1%; 57.5% of them were smoking for more than three years, 76.2% preferred café for smoking; 87.5% preferred friends to smoke with. The factors that significantly associated with prevalence of shisha smoking were (gender, address, marital status, living condition, presence of private work, parents smoking history, and belief about which type of smoking is more harmful).
Conclusion: Shisha smoking habit is increasing during the last few years and becoming a community acceptable behavior, especially among college students. There was a significant positive effect for male gender, being divorced or widowed, living alone and outside of the capital, and having own job on smoking prevalence among students. Also parent's positive histories of tobacco smoking and students beliefs about shisha and cigarette harm were significantly associated with the use of shisha.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus highly affected young peoples in developing countries, of which sexual transmission was the major route including vaginal, oral and anal sex. Understanding the full range of sexual behavior among young people especially anal sexual experience is very crucial to design appropriate intervention strategies.
Objective: To assess oral and anal sexual experience and associated factors among preparatory school youths in Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia, 2016.
Methods: School based cross sectional study was conducted among 1067 school youths attending preparatory schools. Systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Data were collected using selfadministered questionnaire and entered in to Epi-data version 3.3.1 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Descriptive and bivariate logistic regression was done. Variables in bivariate analysis with P<0.25 were entered to multiple logistic regression analysis to determine predictor variables. P<0.05 was considered statistically significance and AOR with 95% CI used to assess strength of association.
Results: The proportion of youths who reported having anal sex was 6.7% (66). Having multiple sexual partnerships was reported by 56.5% of youths who ever engaged in anal sex. From those who ever engaged to anal sex, 34.8% consistently used condom. Anal sex experience was significantly associated with intimate partner ever engaged to anal sex (AOR=5.34, 95% CI: 4.2-26.98), ever engaged to vaginal sex (AOR=10.64, 95% CI: 2.39-11.9), ever watching pornographic movies (AOR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.45-10.29) and parental monitoring of youth’s sexual behavior (AOR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.12-6.19).
Conclusion: Significant proportion of youths had engaged in anal sexual practice and multiple sexual partners were common among youths for anal sex practices. In the contrary consistent condom use was very low. A combination of Sexual health education intervention strategies should be implemented at family, school and community level.

Introduction: The development of a society depends on public health of its people. In cases threatening public health, external parasites is still a health problem arises. Prevalence of head lice in children 6-12 years and primary schools developed countries is 10.2 percent. On the other hand there is also a problem in developing countries shampoo permethrin in the treatment of head lice are commonly used, often by health care providers were available, patients are taught how to use it. This study aimed to compare the effect of role playing and lectures on how to use permethrin shampoo on the treatment of female primary school students with Pediculosis was Iranshahr
Methods: This study was semi-experimental clinical trial in which 500 students with Pediculosis girls’ primary schools in six districts of the city of Iranshahr participated and were randomly assigned to two groups of 250 lectures and role shampoos containing permethrin consumption by health experts schools were taught in classes of 10 students. Questionnaire Include questions about individual and family behavior, demographic, and health documents of interviews of students completed. After two weeks of treatment, subjects in the examination and comparison of the results in the two groups were recorded in a questionnaire. All 18 spss software using descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency and percentage) t T test and chi-square tests were analyzed.
Results: Students with an average age of 50/1 ± 05/9 year, most of them first-grade 8/21% and their average 31/2 ± 4/17 respectively. The two groups in terms of level of education, father’s occupation, parents’ education, income, length of hair, itching, hair, bathe and comb woman hair were not significantly different times and were equal. Two weeks after using the shampoo treatment in the Department of roles 5/71% 5/28% and lecture groups and the chi-square test, this difference was significant too (p=0/00).
Conclusion: Educational method greatly contributes to more effective use shampoo permethrin in lice treatment is speech. Better school health educators in their educational programs, from dynamic and consistent with the goal of changing behavior that provokes active participation of learners in the learning process use. Role Playing use shampoo anti-lice used to training in the treatment of head lice in schools achieved better results.