Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review

The purpose of this research is to examine the leadership effectiveness of leaders in higher education institutions in order to pinpoint possible areas of improvement. Leaders in this context refer to those who assume leadership role in the universities ranging from department head to university president. To approach the problem systematically, descriptive cross sectional research design was employed. About 120 questionnaires were distributed to those leaders from three public universities randomly selected and only 95 questionnaires qualified for analysis. The importance performance grid was used for data analysis and it was supplemented by paired sample t test to see whether the gap between importance and performance is statistically significant. Accordingly, about 28% of the works of the leaders is characterized by high importance and low performance and some 19% of the works is characterized by low importance and high performance. This implies that about 48% of the tasks of those leaders are not on their intended priority schedule. Hence, possible planning and differentiating the daily routines from the strategic works are required for the academic leaders in order to perform their activities based on their level of importance to their universities.

This study examined the impact of working capital management on firm performance using Nestle Food Nigeria plc as a case study. The study was anchored on Behavioural Finance Theory, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model and Theory of Capital Movement. Secondary data was used for the study and it was obtained from the financial statement of Nestle Nigeria Plc for the period of 2004-2013. The study made use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression after the data was subjected to unit root test and found to be stationary at levels and are integrated of order zero [I(0)]. The findings revealed that a positive relationship exist between Current Ratio (CUR), Quick Ratio (QUR) and Return on Asset (ROA) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the study is 85.23%. This indicates that 85.23% of the variations in the model can be explained by the explanatory variables of the model. The result shows that the management of working capital is important to business organization performance. It was recommended among others that the management of the Nestle Food Nig Plc should pay more attention on the management of quick ratio as its management indicates the best way of measuring the amount of the most liquid current assets there are to cover current liabilities. Management should therefore aim at higher values of quick ratio as a higher ratio means a more liquid current position of the company which is a good indicator of firm performance.

West Bengal is a unique state of India that is gifted with all tourism ingredients to address the need of all type of tourists. With the Himalayan range on the north to Bay of Bengal in the south, lush green forest and wide range of historic evidence & Pilgrim destinations; West Bengal has varied option of tourism products to offer to its tourists. But in the context of tourism market Bengal is still a backbencher as compared to the other Indian states that have marched way ahead of Bengal. Tourism being one of the major contributing industries, its sustainable development is extremely important for an economy to capitalize. This paper is a study report on Bengal’s marketing mix inadequacies and finding and mixing consistent attributes to identify West Bengal as a preferred destination and distinguish it through positive image building, i.e., how tourists perceive West Bengal in their minds. A comparison of Tourism Business Model of West Bengal is done with that of Kerala and Gujarat to critically analyze the gap in Marketing West Bengal tourism.

This study attempts to determine the relation between Structural Firm characteristics and business performance of agribusiness SMEs in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The aim is to determine how firm size, age and ownership correlates with business performance in agribusiness SMEs and predict its performance variations. The study is based on field data collected by mailed questionnaires from 60 agribusiness SMEs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and analyzed quantitatively by Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression by SPSS. The findings suggest that, in Tanzania’s context, age has a significant moderate positive correlation with business performance of SMEs while firm size and ownership have insignificant and weak negative correlation with business performance. Furthermore; age, firm size and ownership when regressed simultaneously by multiple regressions are found to be, significant moderate predictors of business performance variations.

The purpose of this paper is to test the effect of the board characteristics including; its size, independence, the CEO duality and its activity on the earnings management in companies listed on the SBF 250. We use discretionary accruals (DA) as a proxy for the earnings management. To calculate DA, we use two models which are the modified Jones model (and performance-matched discretionary accruals estimated from the modified Jones model. Based on a sample of 70 French listed companies over the period of 4 years from 2008 to 2012, the study finds that the earnings management is negatively associated with the board size. This suggests that large boards are more effective in monitoring a CEO‘s action. The CEO duality is found to have a positive relationship with the earnings management suggesting that, by combining the role of the CEO and that of the chairman of the board helps increase the earnings management because the CEO may reduce the effectiveness of the board and create a conflict between the management and the board that may reduce the earnings management. Moreover, the board activity is found to have a positive relation with the earnings management suggesting that a board meeting more often helps to increase the earnings management. The present study finds no effect of the board independence on the earnings management. This result is in contradiction with previous studies that have found a significant negative relationship between these two variables. Overall, from the result of this study, we conclude that the earnings management takes place in French listed companies.

This study investigates the impact of foreign workers and outflow remittances on economic growth of selected GCC countries, namely, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. The study covers the time from 1985 to 2014 and utilizes annual data obtained from World Bank and International Labour Organization, the study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach (ARDL). The reason behind selection of these countries is that the three countries depend mostly on foreign worker in most of the sectors of their economies, besides, the outflow remittances from these countries are among the highest in GCC countries. The results of ARDL reveal that foreign workers contribute positively to economic growth while outflow remittances have negative significant impact on economic growth of countries of interest.

The Economic environment is dynamic, for survival of organization it is necessary to compete the market. Strategic management is a tool over come on the market driven challenges. Strategic management is a process for continuous improvement which manage and assess organizational environment in which they involved, assess their competitors and set goals and strategies to overcome on all of the challenges and then re-examine each of the strategy frequently to decide how it has been implemented either it fits or need to cope up with change. There was no such significant research work carried out in Karachi. As it is very important sector of nation economy and now Health care business is one of the top 10 businesses. So there was huge gap, which was tried to cover in this. The objective was to find out that which type of Management is practicing by Tertiary Health Care Centers, to explore the relationship between the level of competition and adoption of the strategies of the strategic management and to assess the relationship adoption of strategic management and organizational performance. There were three hypotheses. The research is depends on quantitative data and is typically descriptive, and questionnaire adopted and adapted as per requirement of the study. The sample size was 30 and questionnaire was distributed in three different tertiary care hospitals. The response rate was 100%. For the analysis regression model and chi-square was used. All hypotheses were accepted and the model was fit, which means that tertiary health care centers are stared to adopt the tools of strategic management and there is strong positive impact of strategic management on level of competition and organizational performance and growth. Study recommends that in current competent and dynamic economic scenario tertiary healthcare centers must adopt the tools of strategic management and give a cutting edge.

This is a conceptual paper to study the effects of green marketing strategy on the firms’ performance. The paper aims at presenting the reviews of the literature on the green marketing strategy and analyses the seven factors that will influence the firms’ performance. As green marketing strategy become increasingly more important to firms adhering to a triple-bottom line performance evaluation, the present paper seeks to better understand the role of “green marketing mix” as a marketing strategy. The conclusion that was drawn is that, green product, green price, green distribution, green promotion green people, green process, and green physical evidence have a positive effect on the firms’ performance.

The study aims to examine the impact of financial incentives and moral incentives on organizational performance on employees of the Nigerian Universities. This study aims at investigating the role of the Nigerian universities in meeting the employees' societal needs, knowing the implemented incentives approach and knowing the level of performance in the Nigerian universities. Six universities in Nigeria were selected for the purpose of this study and analysis was done using Statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) program. The main findings indicated that there is an adequate level of incentives provided to employees in Nigerian universities. Financial incentives ranked in 1st while moral incentives ranked 2nd It was also found that there is a high level of organizational performance. There was also a negative relationship between financial and moral incentives and organizational performance. Finally, this study has verified further research opportunities that could enrich the understanding of Incentives and organizational Performance in Nigerian universities.

This paper review the findings concluded from a transversal and exploratory case study approached from the qualitative paradigm, founded in observation and individual non-structured interview with information obtained from a sugar mill on the central coast area in the state of Veracruz, México. The main objective is to determine the reason or impediment to promote the good performance and achieve the satisfaction of both, the managers and the general workers and the continuous improvement in the sugar manufacturing area, concluding that the managerial leadership is the main cause of the problem.

Kashmir popularly known as the paradise on earth has been very famous in handicrafts sector since ages. Central Kashmir (Heart of Kashmir) including Srinagar, Gandebal and Budgam is the hub for this sector. But unfortunately Jammu and Kashmir has not been able to attract investment from the private sector, and has remained an industrially backward state due to its unique economic obstacles arising out of remoteness and poor connectivity, hilly and often inhospitable terrain, poor infrastructure, sparse population density, shallow markets, and most importantly a law and order situation threatened by militancy. Besides such obstacles Kashmir is very famous in handicrafts because of its unique design, cost and quality of products. Handicrafts have remained a key economic activity in the state of Kashmir valley. Kashmir has also a great contribution towards exports from the handicraft sector. It is mainly labour intensive and hence causes no harm to economy. Besides, providing employment to literate as well as illiterate persons in both rural and urban areas, it acts as a subsidiary source for the farmers who remain un-employed during the off season. Government also plays a great role for the up liftment of this sector by providing various schemes. Carpet and Shawls occupy the most prominent place on the production front in Kashmir. Both males and females are dependent on this sector in Kashmir valley. Carpet, Shawls, Silver ware, paper Machie, Gabba making, Wood carving, Namdha so-on and so-forth are the major crafts used in the valley of Kashmir and thus contributes heavily towards the export of the state. Being eco-friendly, this sector suits to the state as it is more labour intensive and less capital intensive in nature, therefore, having scope for employment generation at a large scale. From societal point of view it is mostly preferred sector after agriculture because of suitable conditions in terms of topography of state. In economic terms it helps in generation of aggregate employment and raising per capita income of state and hence contributes to State Gross Domestic Product (SGDP) in particular and National Income (NI) in general. The present study entails the growth, strategies and various problems faced by the handicraft industry of Kashmir. The role of the government in promoting the craft will also be discussed before concluding the paper.

Organizational Citizenship behavior (OCB) is a type of behavior which is also known as the Extra Role Behavior, Motivate the employees to go beyond what is expected from them by organization and job descriptions, this type of behavior have its benefits for both production parts employees and organizations. In Egypt and especially in Cement industry the term (OCB) still new concept and till now the companies didn’t realize the importance of having this type of behavior among its employees. Several researchers have found that there is a significant positive relationship between employee job satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, which affect the employee and the organization performance. This research aim to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction (Intrinsic and Extrinsic) as independent variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior as dependent variable among Beni Suef Cement Company employees, this study will provide guidelines to help the senior management of the company to measure and understand how Job satisfaction affect organizational citizenship behavior of their team members.