Journal of Morphology and Anatomy

The term “hypo-hyperdontia” is used to describe condition in which agenesis of some teeth are seen to occur simultaneously with supernumerary teeth within the same individual. Supernumerary teeth may resemble the permanent teeth sometimes but generally are of different shape and size. These teeth may remain embedded in the alveolar bone may cause disturbance to the developing teeth or can erupt into the oral cavity. Contrary to the presence of extra tooth in arch few complement of the teeth were missing in the arch indicating presence of concomitant hyper hypodontia. The erupted or unerupted tooth might cause aesthetic and/or functional problems especially if it is situated in the maxillary anterior region. Recently, many genetic studies have been conducted to explore these developmental anomalies. This case reports a unique case of presence of supplemental supernumerary maxillary central incisor with hypodontia of both lower central incisors, which is a rare finding and a literature review, is presented about hypohyperdontia in the dentition.

Aim: The purpose of the study is to obtain data on the age and regional variability of small glands of the vestibule.
Material and methods: Macromicroscopic and histological methods are used to study the glands of the vaginal vestibule in 72 women of different ages who died from incompatible injuries and asphyxia, without the pathology of the urinary and genital organs. On the total preparations of the vaginal vestibule the glands were stained by the method of Sinelnikov. On microscopic preparations, sections 5-7 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson.
Results of the research: The results of the study showed that the glands of the vestibule are completely formed by the time a child is born. Starting from the neonatal period and up to the first period of adulthood, the glandular apparatus actively develops. Beginning from the second period of adulthood to the senile age, involutive changes of glands occur. The presence of a gradient of quantitative-dimensional parameters of glands of the vaginal vestibule, which increase in the anterior-posterior direction, was revealed.
Conclusions: On total preparations small glands of the vestibule are defined as black (dark blue) anatomical formations located on a lighter background of surrounding tissues. Small glands of the vestibule are completely formed by the time of the birth of the child. Beginning with the period of the newborn and up to the first period of adulthood, the glandular apparatus of the vestibular vestibule develops actively. Beginning with the second period of adulthood and until the senile age, involutive changes occur in small glands. The presence of a gradient of the quantitative-size parameters of small glands of the vaginal vestibule, which change in the front-rear direction - from the pubis to the anus.