Medicinal Chemistry

Drug development as a sensitive thermometer represents the scientific and technical power-engines for any countries. As a result, drug manufacture (highly competitive area) is pillar industry for small-range of developed countries and highest medical expenditures worldwide. Nonetheless, new anticancer drug discovery, development and manufacture were entering into bottleneck stage two decades ago. A declining successful rate of phase II and phase III anticancer drug evaluations is the grimmest situation for most leading anticancer drug developers worldwide. Profit is down every years. Owing to all these kinds of undesired factors, anticancer drug developments manufacturing and licensing have been highly risky over the past two decades. This article addresses key factors affecting anticancer drug developments and possible roadmaps for drug screening model and routine updating in all relevant countries are especially speculated.

Thiazole is Sulphur and nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds represents an important family of medicines in the pharmaceutical chemistry having vast biological applications. Due to the presence of hetero atoms in 2-amino-5- nitrothiazole there should be various types of interaction, by undertaking these interactions, ultrasonic study of 2-amino- 5-nitrothiazole in 70:30 (v/v) DMSO-Water mixture at different concentration and temperature is carried out. Speed of sound and denseness of ternary mixture of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole – 70:30 (v/v) DMSO-water systems has been measured at various temperature (303.15K, 308.15K, 313.15K and 318.15K) and concentrations, to get idea regarding the solute- solvent and solvent – solvent interaction. In present investigation ultrasonic parameters i.e., specific acoustic impedance, relative association intermolecular free length, adiabatic compressibility, and sound speed number has been put forward to say about types of molecular interaction present in the aqueous 70:30 (v/v) DMSO-water solution of various temperatures and concentrations. Strength of molecular interactions was studied with comparisons to change in temperature and change in concentration. The correlation observed represents interpreted in the form of solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions at given temperature variation and concentration variations.

In modernization nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives has attracted great interest due to their efficacious biological and pharmacological properties. The moiety of piperazines and substituted aryl piperazines were found to present in compounds aim at evaluating new entities that possess anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, anticonvulsant, anti-depressant, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activities. Piperazines show a broad range of activities and are found in many potent biologically active compounds such as thiothixene and pimozide (anti-psychotics), Loxapine (schizophrenia), Clozapine (Atypical anti-psychotics). The modifications in the moiety of piperazine ring shows high efficacy with better potency and lesser toxicity. This review focused on multifarious biological activities related to piperazines and its derivatives.

Background: Breast cancer is the most fammiliar malignancy in females is one of the commonest causes of cancer mortality in females.

Objectives: The aim of our research is to estimate alteration of trace metals in breast cancer. The heavy and essential metals levels were determined in the serum of breast cancer patients, inorder to detect their importance in the treatment and prognosis of the cancer.

Methods: It was a prospective, case control study. A total of 80 female participants were divided into healthy controls (n = 40) and breast cancer (n = 40). The serums of As, Fe, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mg, Mn, Co and Se were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometery.

Results: The serum means of Mg, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe, Co and Se levels were significantly increased in breast cancer patients, when compared with the controls (p<0.001, p<0.0017, p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.008, p< 0.05, and p<0.001, respectively). The mean serum As and Mn levels were significantly lowerd in breast cancer patients compared with the controls (P<0.001 and P<0.0019).

Conclusion: Alteration of the elemental amount in cancerous breast tissues and the disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant balance high light the part of trace metals in cancer expansion. The alterations of these biochemical metals in the serum of breast cancer patients aid in appropriate treatment as well as indicators of prognosis as the disease progress.