+LN n=30 -LN n=72 Control n=31 Univariate β  p-value
s-BAFF ng/μl 2.09 ±1.14 1.91 ±1.09 0.97 ±0.27 0.57 <0.001
BAFF-RQ 1.88 ±0.60 1.75 ±0.64 1.12 ±0.64 0.38 <0.001
NK cells, 109/L 0.13 ±0.10 0.13±0.08 0.26 ±0.11 -0.05 0.002
CD4 cells, 109/L 0.53 ±0.30 0.64 ±0.33 1.0 ±0.33 -0.20 <0.001
C3, g/L 0.83 ±0.31 1.01 ±0.24 1.19 ±0.27 -0.18 <0.001
C4, g/L 0.13 ±0.06 0.17 ±0.07 0.22 ±0.05 -0.04 <0.001
Hb, g/L 12.5 ±2.0 13.2 ±1.5 13.5 ±1.7 -0.48 0.021
Albumen, g/L 40.3 ±4.8 43.5 ±2.9 44.8 ±2.5 -2.37 <0.001
Fibrinogen, g/L 3.9 ±0.7 3.4 ±0.8 3.4 ±0.7 0.25 0.028
vWF (%) 121 ±28 109 ±32 87 ±37 16.0 0.001
Faktor VIII (%) 148 ±23 134 ±29 120 ±36 14.2 0.002
vWF antigen (%) 143 ±31 136 ±34 106 ±36 16.8 0.001
LDH, U/L 206 ±105 177 ±57 155 ±17 25.9 0.015
Homocysteine, µmol/L 12.9 ±7.9 10.4 ±4.3 8.8 ±2.6 2.16 0.011
PTH, pmol/L 9.6 ±16.7 5.2 ±2.1 4.5 ±1.7 2.78 0.026
Ionized Ca, mmol/L 1.22 ±0.04 1.28 ±0.59 1.23 ±0.03 -0.02 0.8
Haptoglobin, g/L 1.51 ±0.63 1.34 ±0.67 1.43 ±0.58 0.06 0.5
AGP, g/L 1.05 ±0.36 0.96 ±0.33 0.87 ±0.19 0.09 0.1
Apolipoprotein A, g/L 1.61 ±0.34 1.52 ±0.38 1.47 ±0.38 0.07 0.2
C1 inhibitor, g/L 0.34 ±0.06 0.33 ±0.07 0.30 ±0.04 0.02 0.047
BAFF-RQ; BAFF gene expression; vWF; vonWillebrand factor, PTH; Parathyreoid hormone, AGP; α-1-acid-glycoprotein, LDH; Lactate dehydrogenase
Table 3: Laboratory findings in lupus nephritis patients (+LN), SLE patients without LN (-LN) and controls. Figures indicate mean ± SD while β and p–values reflect linear trend analyses.