Abbreviations: SM: Sphingomyelin; PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate; PI-PLC: Phosphatidylinositol Phospholipase C; DAG: Diacylglycerol, PC: Phosphatidyl Choline; SMase: Sphingomyelinase; PLD: Phospholipase D; PA: Phosphatidic Acid; PKCθ: Protein Kinase C θ; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; PIP3: Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate; CDase: Ceramidase; CER: Ceramide; SPH: Sphingosine; S1P: Sphingosine 1-Phosphate; DAGK: DAG kinase; PDK1: Phosphatidylinositide Dependent Kinase 1; DRM: Detergent-Resistant Membrane; TrkA: Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type1; MAPKK: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase; Erk1/2: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase ½
Figure 3: Relationship between phospholipid metabolism and biological activities of alpha-toxin.