Standard HRAM LOD ng/ml UMR LOD ng/ml Nominal m/z Succinate 0.5 5 117 Malate 0.5 25 133 Alpha-ketoglutarate 0.1 25 145 pyruvate 10 100 175* ATP 2500 5000 506 NAD+ 250 250 540 NADH 500 500 664 *dimer used for quantification

Table 1: Limit of Detection (LOD) for a Dilution Series of Standards Ranging in Mass Using HILIC Chromatography.